A woman expressing a dominant phenotype is heterozygous (Dd) for the gene.

What is the probability that the dominant allele carried by the woman will be inherited by a grandchild?

검증된 단계별 안내

Step 1: Understand the genetic makeup of the woman. She is heterozygous (Dd), meaning she has one dominant allele (D) and one recessive allele (d).

Step 2: Recognize that during meiosis, the alleles segregate equally into gametes. This means there is a 50% chance that the dominant allele (D) will be passed to her offspring.

Step 3: Consider the offspring of the woman. If the offspring inherits the dominant allele (D), they will also be heterozygous (Dd). If they inherit the recessive allele (d), they will be homozygous recessive (dd).

Step 4: For the grandchild to inherit the dominant allele (D), the offspring of the woman must pass it on. Since the offspring is heterozygous (Dd), there is again a 50% chance that the dominant allele (D) will be passed to the grandchild.

Step 5: Combine the probabilities. The probability of the dominant allele being passed from the woman to her offspring is 50%, and the probability of the offspring passing the dominant allele to the grandchild is also 50%. Multiply these probabilities to determine the overall likelihood of the dominant allele being inherited by the grandchild.

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주요 개념

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Dominant and Recessive Alleles

In genetics, alleles are different forms of a gene. A dominant allele, represented by a capital letter (e.g., D), masks the effect of a recessive allele (e.g., d) when both are present. Therefore, an individual with at least one dominant allele will express the dominant phenotype, while the recessive phenotype only appears in individuals with two recessive alleles.

Heterozygosity

Heterozygosity refers to having two different alleles for a particular gene, such as Dd. In this case, the individual carries one dominant allele (D) and one recessive allele (d). This genetic makeup is crucial for understanding inheritance patterns, as it influences the probability of passing on alleles to offspring.

Punnett Square

A Punnett square is a diagram used to predict the genetic outcomes of a cross between two individuals. By organizing the possible gametes from each parent, it allows for the calculation of probabilities for different genotypes and phenotypes in the offspring. This tool is essential for determining the likelihood of inheriting specific alleles, such as the dominant allele in this scenario.

A woman expressing a dominant phenotype is heterozygous (Dd) for the gene.What is the probability that the dominant allele carried by the woman will be inherited by a grandchild?