Predict which member of each pair is more soluble in water. Explain your prediction.
(a)
(b)

검증된 단계별 안내

Identify the functional groups present in each compound. In pair (a), the first compound is cyclopentane, which is a hydrocarbon with no polar functional groups. The second compound is tetrahydrofuran, which contains an ether group (an oxygen atom bonded to two carbon atoms).

Consider the polarity of the compounds. Cyclopentane is nonpolar, while tetrahydrofuran is polar due to the presence of the oxygen atom, which can form hydrogen bonds with water.

Predict the solubility in water for pair (a). Tetrahydrofuran is more soluble in water than cyclopentane because it can engage in hydrogen bonding with water molecules, increasing its solubility.

For pair (b), identify the functional groups. The first compound is tetrahydro-2H-pyran, which contains one ether group. The second compound is 1,3-dioxolane, which contains two ether groups.

Predict the solubility in water for pair (b). 1,3-dioxolane is more soluble in water than tetrahydro-2H-pyran because it has two oxygen atoms that can form hydrogen bonds with water, enhancing its solubility compared to the single oxygen in tetrahydro-2H-pyran.

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주요 개념

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Polarity

Polarity refers to the distribution of electrical charge over the atoms in a molecule. Polar molecules have a significant difference in electronegativity between atoms, leading to partial positive and negative charges. This property affects solubility, as polar substances tend to dissolve well in polar solvents like water, while nonpolar substances do not.

Hydrogen Bonding

Hydrogen bonding is a strong type of dipole-dipole interaction that occurs when hydrogen is bonded to highly electronegative atoms like oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine. Molecules capable of hydrogen bonding can interact favorably with water, enhancing their solubility. For example, alcohols and carboxylic acids are more soluble in water due to their ability to form hydrogen bonds.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. The presence of functional groups such as hydroxyl (-OH) or carbonyl (C=O) can significantly influence a compound's solubility in water. Compounds with polar functional groups are generally more soluble in water compared to those with nonpolar groups.

Predict which member of each pair is more soluble in water. Explain your prediction. (a) (b)