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Ch. 2 - Acids and Bases; Functional Groups
Wade - Organic Chemistry 9th Edition
Wade9th EditionOrganic ChemistryISBN: 9780135213728당신이 사용하는 게 아니라요?교과서 변경
2장, 문제 28

The C≡N triple bond in acetonitrile has a dipole moment of about 3.6 D and a bond length of about 1.16 Å. Calculate the amount of charge separation in this bond. How important is the charge-separated resonance form in the structure of acetonitrile?

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1
To calculate the amount of charge separation in the C≡N bond of acetonitrile, use the formula for dipole moment: μ = q × d, where μ is the dipole moment, q is the charge separation, and d is the bond length.
Rearrange the formula to solve for q: q = μ / d.
Substitute the given values into the equation: μ = 3.6 D (Debye) and d = 1.16 Å (angstroms). Note that 1 D = 3.33564 × 10^-30 C·m and 1 Å = 10^-10 m.
Convert the dipole moment and bond length into consistent units (Coulombs and meters) before substituting them into the equation.
Discuss the importance of the charge-separated resonance form: The resonance form with charge separation contributes to the overall structure of acetonitrile, but the major contributor is the form without charge separation due to the stability of neutral molecules. The resonance form with charge separation is less stable due to the presence of formal charges.

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주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Dipole Moment

The dipole moment is a measure of the separation of positive and negative charges in a molecule, indicating its polarity. It is expressed in Debye units (D) and reflects how unevenly the electrons are distributed. In acetonitrile, the dipole moment of 3.6 D suggests a significant charge separation due to the electronegativity difference between carbon and nitrogen.
추천 영상:
01:46
How dipole-dipole forces work.

Resonance Structures

Resonance structures are different ways of drawing the same molecule that illustrate the delocalization of electrons. In acetonitrile, the resonance forms show the potential charge separation, where the carbon atom can carry a positive charge while nitrogen carries a negative charge. These structures help in understanding the stability and reactivity of the molecule.
추천 영상:
03:04
Drawing Resonance Structures

Bond Length

Bond length is the average distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms. In acetonitrile, the bond length of the C≡N triple bond is approximately 1.16 Å, indicating a strong bond due to the overlap of atomic orbitals. Shorter bond lengths typically correlate with stronger bonds, which is crucial for understanding the stability of the molecule.
추천 영상:
06:00
Single bonds, double bonds, and triple bonds.