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Alkynes: Structure, Properties, Reactions, and Synthesis

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Stability of Alkenes

  • Heat of Combustion
    02:55
  • Understanding trends of alkene stability.
    04:28

Alkenes, Alkynes and Alcohols

  • Name the following alkene
    02:04
  • How to name alkenes and alkynes
    01:55

Alkyne Hydrohalogenation

  • Double hydrohalogenation of alkynes.
    02:20
  • General properties of double addition reactions to alkynes.
    01:01

Alkyne Halogenation

  • Double halogenation of alkynes.
    02:15

Alkyne Hydration

  • Vinyl alcohols yield tautomers.
    03:51
  • Markovnikov addition of alcohols yields ketones.
    03:29

Alkyne Hydroboration

  • Anti-Markovnikov addition of alcohols to terminal alkynes yields aldehydes
    02:43

Alkynide Synthesis

  • Understanding how to convert terminal alkynes to alkynides.
    04:19
  • Using double dehydrohalogenation to perform alkynide synthesis.
    02:57
  • The mechanism of alkynide synthesis.
    03:48

Alkynide Synthesis and Retrosynthesis

  • Predict the major product.
    03:25
  • Provide the reagents needed
    04:17
  • Predict the major product.
    05:09

Overview of Chemical Reactions

  • Recognizing Substitution Reactions.
    01:34
  • Recognizing Acid-Base Reactions.
    02:43
  • Recognizing Elimination Reactions.
    00:40

Reaction Mechanism

  • How to tell if charged molecules will react as nucleophiles or electrophiles.
    02:39
  • Nucleophile or Electrophile
    01:49
  • How to tell if uncharged molecules will react as nucleophiles or electrophiles.
    02:48

Markovnikov's Rule

  • Provide the mechanism
    01:26
  • How to add to asymmetrical double bonds.
    03:38

Carbocation Intermediates – Stability

  • Determining Carbocation Stability
    05:58
  • Predicting the most stable carbocation
    01:21

Resonance Structures

  • How to draw a resonance hybrid.
    03:24
  • The rules you need for resonance:
    03:34
  • How to determine which structure is most stable.
    01:32

Introduction to Substitution

  • Predict the product
    05:55
  • Nucleophiles and Electrophiles can react in Bronsted-Lowry Reactions.
    05:01
  • Nucleophiles and Electrophiles can react in Substitution Reactions.
    01:47

The SN2 Mechanism

  • Ranking reactivity toward SN2
    04:03
  • Drawing the SN2 Mechanism
    08:33
  • Understanding the properties of SN2.
    11:57

E2 Mechanism

  • Understanding the properties of E2.
    04:42
  • Drawing the E2 Mechanism.
    09:36
  • Rank reactivity toward E2
    02:03

The E1 Mechanism

  • Understanding the properties of E1.
    03:32
  • Drawing the E1 Mechanism.
    08:09

Newman Projections – Conformational Energy

  • How to draw a Newman Projection Energy Diagram.
    07:27
  • How sigma bond rotation is visualized
    03:11
  • The energy states of 3 different Newman Projections.
    03:51

Newman Projections – Method

  • Step 6 to Drawing Newman Projections
    01:31
  • Step 5 to Drawing Newman Projections
    01:51
  • Step 3 to Drawing Newman Projections
    00:28

Skeletal Structure

  • How bondline is different from Lewis Structures.
    04:03
  • Conversion of ethanol from electron dot to bondline
    01:50

Hybridization

  • How carbon creates 4 partially-filled orbitals.
    02:53
  • Bond sites, hybridization, and intermediate orbitals
    04:58
  • Introduction to the reactive intermediates.
    02:47

Functional Groups

  • Assigning Degrees to Alkyl Halides
    01:30
  • Why we need functional groups.
    01:49
  • The difference between aldehydes and ketones.
    03:08

Alkane Nomenclature

  • Naming the root chain
    01:02
  • Provide the IUPAC name for the following alkane
    07:08
  • The different parts of an IUPAC name
    03:43

Overview of Chemical Reactions

  • Recognizing Substitution Reactions.
    01:34
  • Recognizing Acid-Base Reactions.
    02:43
  • Recognizing Elimination Reactions.
    00:40

Reaction Mechanism

  • How to tell if charged molecules will react as nucleophiles or electrophiles.
    02:39
  • Nucleophile or Electrophile
    01:49
  • How to tell if uncharged molecules will react as nucleophiles or electrophiles.
    02:48

General Mechanism – Addition Reaction

  • Provide the mechanism
    01:15
  • Features of Addition Mechanisms.
    05:39

Hydrohalogenation

  • General properties of hydrohalogenation.
    04:07
  • Provide the mechanism
    02:24

Hydroboration-Oxidation

  • General properties of hydroboration-oxidation.
    06:38
  • Acid-catalyzed hydroboration-oxidation mechanism
    06:14

Catalytic Hydrogenation and Wilkinson's Catalyst

  • General properties of catalytic hydrogenation.
    05:21

Halogenation

  • Halogenation Mechanism
    03:45
  • General properties of halogenation.
    02:27

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution – General Mechanism

  • EAS General Mechanism
    06:52
  • EAS Review
    03:07

Overview of Chemical Reactions

  • Recognizing Substitution Reactions.
    01:34
  • Recognizing Acid-Base Reactions.
    02:43
  • Recognizing Elimination Reactions.
    00:40