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Organic Chemistry I: Structure, Nomenclature, and Functional Groups

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What is Organic Chemistry?

  • Organic molecules in your everyday life.
    02:08
  • Identifying organic molecules
    02:17

Atomic Structure

  • Three rules about orbitals you need to know.
    02:54
  • Understanding the hydrogen isotopes.
    03:06
  • The difference between atomic numbers and atomic mass.
    01:44

Hybridization

  • How carbon creates 4 partially-filled orbitals.
    02:53
  • Bond sites, hybridization, and intermediate orbitals
    04:58
  • Introduction to the reactive intermediates.
    02:47

Lewis Structure

  • Drawing the Lewis Structure for N2H4.
    04:12
  • How to use Organic Chemistry to make Lewis Structures easier.
    03:49

Formal Charges

  • Calculate the formal charges of ALL atoms.
    02:21
  • Calculating formal and net charge.
    01:34

Resonance Structures

  • How to draw a resonance hybrid.
    03:24
  • The rules you need for resonance:
    03:34
  • How to determine which structure is most stable.
    01:32

Functional Groups

  • Assigning Degrees to Alkyl Halides
    01:30
  • Why we need functional groups.
    01:49
  • The difference between aldehydes and ketones.
    03:08

Alkane Nomenclature

  • Naming the root chain
    01:02
  • Provide the IUPAC name for the following alkane
    07:08
  • The different parts of an IUPAC name
    03:43

Common Substituents

  • Name the following alkane
    02:33
  • Understanding Non-IUPAC Substituents
    06:42
  • Name the following alkane
    03:56

Cycloalkanes

  • Name the following alkane
    00:53
  • Determining Root Name
    00:18
  • Determining Root Name
    00:34

Bicyclics

  • How to name a bridged bicyclic
    04:39
  • The two types of bicyclic molecules
    01:55
  • How to name a fused bicyclic
    03:27

Cis vs Trans

  • Why we need to use the E/Z naming system
    02:07
  • What does E and Z stand for?
    00:50
  • How to name different types of double bonds or rings
    04:28

Skeletal Structure

  • How bondline is different from Lewis Structures.
    04:03
  • Conversion of ethanol from electron dot to bondline
    01:50

Conformations

  • Understanding what a conformer is.
    03:29

Newman Projections – Conformational Energy

  • How to draw a Newman Projection Energy Diagram.
    07:27
  • How sigma bond rotation is visualized
    03:11
  • The energy states of 3 different Newman Projections.
    03:51

Chair Flip

  • The 3 important factors when drawing chairs
    05:12

A-Values

  • Calculating Chair Equilibrium
    06:27

Chirality

  • Drawing Mirror Images and Determining Chirality
    03:24
  • What is chirality?
    05:10
  • Drawing Mirror Images and Determining Chirality
    03:44

Chirality Test 1 - Internal Line of Symmetry

  • Determining Chirality with Plane of Symmetry
    00:25
  • Determining Chirality with Plane of Symmetry
    01:10
  • How and when to use the internal line of symmetry test.
    01:25

Chirality Test 2 - Stereocenters

  • Determining Chirality using Stereocenter
    02:25
  • Determining Chirality using Stereocenter
    00:36
  • The difference between chiral and trigonal centers.
    02:38

Cahn-Ingold-Prelog Nomenclature

  • R and S Naming- Step 4
    03:07
  • Why stereoisomers need their own naming system.
    01:48
  • Determining Priorities
    01:19

Types of Stereoisomers

  • Determine total number of stereoisomers
    00:49
  • How to predict the total number of stereoisomers.
    01:03
  • Draw stereoisomers and determine relationship
    07:41

Meso Compounds

  • Defining meso compounds.
    01:40
  • The 3 rules of meso compounds.
    04:10
  • Which of the following molecules are meso?
    03:44

Fischer Projection

  • Introduction to different projections.
    01:15
  • How to convert Fischer projections into bondline structures
    05:45
  • Convert the following Fischer projection into bondline structure.
    03:38

Introduction to Substitution

  • Predict the product
    05:55
  • Nucleophiles and Electrophiles can react in Bronsted-Lowry Reactions.
    05:01
  • Nucleophiles and Electrophiles can react in Substitution Reactions.
    01:47

The SN2 Mechanism

  • Ranking reactivity toward SN2
    04:03
  • Drawing the SN2 Mechanism
    08:33
  • Understanding the properties of SN2.
    11:57

The SN1 Mechanism

  • Drawing the SN1 Mechanism
    10:49
  • Why highly substituted leaving groups favor SN1.
    01:13
  • Understanding the properties of SN1.
    08:16

Substitution Comparison

  • How do we predict if the mechanism is SN1 or SN2?
    03:32

E2 Mechanism

  • Understanding the properties of E2.
    04:42
  • Drawing the E2 Mechanism.
    09:36
  • Rank reactivity toward E2
    02:03

The E1 Mechanism

  • Understanding the properties of E1.
    03:32
  • Drawing the E1 Mechanism.
    08:09

Elimination and Zaitsev's Rule

  • Hofmann product
    02:39
  • Defining Zaitsev’s Rule
    01:18
  • Zaitsev product
    07:01

Dehydrohalogenation

  • The dehydrohalogenation mechanism.
    03:02
  • Dehydrohalogenation mechanism and products
    04:35

General Mechanism – Addition Reaction

  • Provide the mechanism
    01:15
  • Features of Addition Mechanisms.
    05:39

Markovnikov's Rule

  • Provide the mechanism
    01:26
  • How to add to asymmetrical double bonds.
    03:38

Hydrohalogenation

  • General properties of hydrohalogenation.
    04:07
  • Provide the mechanism
    02:24

Acid-Catalyzed Hydration

  • General properties of acid-catalyzed hydration.
    06:32
  • Acid-catalyzed hydration mechanism
    06:34

Oxymercuration-Reduction

  • Acid-catalyzed oxymercuration-reduction mechanism
    09:01
  • General properties of oxymercuration-reduction.
    05:

Hydroboration-Oxidation

  • General properties of hydroboration-oxidation.
    06:38
  • Acid-catalyzed hydroboration-oxidation mechanism
    06:14

Catalytic Hydrogenation and Wilkinson's Catalyst

  • General properties of catalytic hydrogenation.
    05:21

Halogenation

  • Halogenation Mechanism
    03:45
  • General properties of halogenation.
    02:27

Epoxidation

  • Halohydrins to epoxides via intramolecular SN2.
    02:26
  • General properties of epoxidation.
    02:19
  • The mechanism of how peroxy acids make epoxides.
    03:19

Weak Oxidative Cleavage

  • General properties of ozonolysis.
    06:30

Syn Vicinal Dihydroxylation

  • General properties of syn vicinal dihydroxylation.
    03:50
  • Predict the product for the following multi-step reaction.
    04:42

Alcohol Nomenclature

  • Provide the correct common and IUPAC name.
    01:49
  • How to name polyols.
    01:47
  • Provide the correct common and IUPAC name.
    00:59

Synthesis of Alcohols Overview

  • Forming alcohols through SN2 reactions.
    01:44
  • Forming alcohols through Acid-Catalyzed Hydration.
    02:02
  • Forming alcohols through Hydroboration-Oxidation.
    01:37

Leaving Group Conversions - Using HX

  • Why do we need to convert Alcohol into a good leaving group?
    02:03
  • Using HX acids via SN2 reaction.
    02:16
  • Using HX acids via SN1 reaction.
    07:20

Leaving Group Conversions - SOCl2 and PBr3

  • Predict the mechanism of PBr3, and draw the final product.
    06:01
  • Learning the mechanism of SOCl2.
    07:18

Williamson Ether Synthesis

  • The Mechanism of Williamson Ether Synthesis.
    03:50

Making Ethers - Alkoxymercuration

  • The Mechanism of Alkoxymercuation.
    04:21

Making Ethers - Alcohol Condensation

  • The Mechanism of Alcohol Condensation.
    04:33

Cleavage of Ethers

  • How to predict the products of Ether Cleavage.
    04:22
  • Predict the product of the following reaction.
    03:44

Alcohol Protecting Groups

  • General features of Alcohol Protecting Groups.
    03:01

Sharpless Asymmetric Epoxidation

  • General reaction of Sharpless Epoxidation.
    01:37
  • How to draw and predict a Sharpless Epoxidation.
    03:33
  • Important Reagents of Sharpless Epoxidation.
    04:39

Naming Amines

  • Naming Primary Amines
    06:50
  • Primary Amines as Substituents
    02:58
  • Naming Secondary and Tertiary Amines
    01:57

Acid and Base Definitions

  • Lewis vs. Bronsted-Lowry Definition
    07:46
  • The Bronsted-Lowry definition of acids and bases.
    00:54
  • Equilibrium constant and conjugates.
    02:11

pKa Values

  • Identifying pKa values
    07:45
  • The 12 pKa values you want to memorize (because they are important!).
    09:36

Acid Base Equilibrium

  • The 3 steps for determining the direction of acid and base equilibrium.
    05:11
  • Determining Acid/Base Equilibrium
    04:00
  • Determining Acid/Base Equilibrium
    02:34

Factors Affecting Acidity

  • Which of the oxides is the most basic?
    00:30
  • The 3 factors that determine the strength of inductive effects.
    03:09
  • Using Inductive Effect to determine acidity
    01:54