Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why formaldehyde is more reactive toward nucleophilic addition than other aldehydes and ketones?

Accepted Answer

Formaldehyde has no alkyl groups, making the carbonyl carbon more electrophilic and less sterically hindered.

Question 2

A Grignard reagent is prepared by reacting an alkyl halide with magnesium in ether. What is the role of the Grignard reagent in the reaction with a ketone?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a nucleophile, attacking the carbon atom of the carbonyl group.

Question 3

Which of the following carbonyl compounds is most reactive toward nucleophilic addition?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{H_2CO} ($$formaldehyde)

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the product of the reaction between 2-pentanone and ethylmagnesium bromide followed by acid workup?

Accepted Answer

A tertiary alcohol

Question 5

Why are Grignard reagents not suitable for the addition to carboxylic acids and amides?

Accepted Answer

Grignard reagents are destroyed by the acidic protons in carboxylic acids and amides.

Question 6

Which hydride reagent is commonly used to reduce aldehydes and ketones to alcohols, but is not strong enough to reduce esters or carboxylic acids?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{$$NaBH_4$$}$$

Question 7

What is the product of the reduction of butanal with sodium borohydride ($$\mathrm{$$NaBH_4$$}) $$followed by acid workup?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CH_3CH_2CH_2CH_2OH} (1-$$butanol)

Question 8

Which of the following statements about imine formation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Imines are formed by the reaction of aldehydes or ketones with primary amines and are reversible.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of pyridoxal phosphate in aminotransferase reactions?

Accepted Answer

It forms an imine with amino acids, facilitating the transfer of amino groups.

Question 10

What is the product when methyl propanoate is reduced with $$\mathrm{$$LiAlH_4$$}$$ followed by acid workup?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CH_3CH_2CH_2OH} (1-$$propanol) and $$\mathrm{CH_3OH} ($$methanol)

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the reaction of aldehydes and ketones with alcohols is correct?

Accepted Answer

Alcohols react with aldehydes and ketones to form hemiacetals, which can further react to form acetals.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why ketones are generally less reactive than aldehydes toward nucleophilic addition?

Accepted Answer

Ketones have two alkyl groups, which both donate electrons and provide steric hindrance, making the carbonyl carbon less electrophilic.

Question 13

Which product is formed when butanoyl chloride is reduced with $$\mathrm{$$NaBH_4$$}$$ followed by acid workup?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CH_3CH_2CH_2CH_2OH} (1-$$butanol)

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the reduction of amides with $$\mathrm{$$LiAlH_4$$}$$?

Accepted Answer

The amide is reduced to an amine, and the carbon-nitrogen bond remains intact.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the product of the reaction between an aldehyde and a primary amine in the presence of a trace of acid?

Accepted Answer

An imine

Question 16

Which of the following is true about the formation of acetals from aldehydes or ketones?

Accepted Answer

The reaction proceeds through a hemiacetal intermediate.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the product of the reduction of acetic acid with $$\mathrm{$$LiAlH_4$$}$$ followed by acid workup?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CH_3CH_2OH} ($$ethanol)

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world application of imine chemistry in biology?

Accepted Answer

Transfer of amino groups between amino acids and keto acids by aminotransferase enzymes

Study Guide: Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones

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