Preface xvii
Acknowledgments xxi
About the Author xxiii
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Part I: Fundamentals, Data Centers, and IP PBXs 1
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Chapter 1: Computing and Enabling Technologies 3
Fiber-Optic and Copper Cabling 5
Chips–Building Blocks of the Digital Age 21
Packetized Data 23
Deep Packet Inspection: Monitoring, Prioritizing, and Censoring Traffic 26
Compression 30
Increasing Network Capacity via Multiplexing 37
Using Protocols to Establish a Common Set of Rules 40
Protocols and Layers 41
Virtualization: Space, Cost, and Maintenance Efficiencies 42
Managing Virtualization 44
The Cloud: Applications and Development at Providers’ Data Centers 47
Summary 62
Appendix 63
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Chapter 2: Data Centers and LANs, Storage, and IP Private Branch Exchanges 67
Introduction 68
What Is a LAN? 69
Switches, Media, and Protocols in LANs 70
IP PBXs–Voice, Video, and Unified Communications 99
IP Telephony–Converting Voice Signals to Digital Data 101
Unified Communications, Contact Centers, and Video Conferencing 107
Appendix 118
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Part II: Industry Overview and Regulations 123
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Chapter 3: Competition, Industry Structures, and Regulations 125
Introduction 126
The 1984 Breakup of AT&T 128
Regulatory Issues 138
The State of the Industry–Consolidation via Mergers 149
Non-Traditional Competitors: Alphabet, Apple, Amazon, Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat, and Microsoft 156
Appendix 168
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Part III: Managing Broadband Networks and Broadband Network Services 169
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Chapter 4: Managing Broadband Networks 171
Introduction 172
The Public Network 173
Core Networks–Between Cities and Continents 175
Bandwidth Capabilities in Carrier Networks 187
Optical Transport Networks–Carrying Multiple Types of Traffic 191
Transporting Movies and TV in the Core 195
Middle-Mile Networks 197
Last-Mile Access Networks 199
Access Networks in Cable Operators’ Networks 209
Using Cable Modem Termination Systems for IP Traffic 211
Telecommunications Services in National Emergencies 217
Signaling 220
Appendix 224
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Chapter 5: Broadband Network Services 227
Introduction 228
VoIP Calling Services over Broadband 231
Multi-Protocol Label Switching for Interoffice Connections 235
IP Virtual Private Networks over the Internet 238
Adding Security on Traffic Sent over IP VPNs 240
Managed Services 245
Digital Subscriber Line–Distance Limitations; Operates on Copper Cabling 247
Carrier Gigabit Ethernet 249
Network Topology on Dedicated, Private Lines 252
Appendix 266
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Part IV: The Internet and Cellular Networks 269
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Chapter 6: The Internet 271
Introduction 272
What Is the Internet? 273
Streaming–A Disruptive Technology 280
The Structure of the Internet 290
Security: Connected, Ubiquitous Networks–Vulnerable to Malicious Hackers 297
Privacy 306
The Impact of E-Commerce 308
Fostering Civic Participation and Engagement–Online Forums 309
Network Neutrality 311
The Digital Divide: Bandwidth, Skills, and Computers 315
Intranets and Extranets 317
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Chapter 7: Mobile and Wi-Fi Networks 321
Introduction 322
Spectrum for Wireless Networks–A Critical Asset 323
More Efficient 4th Generation Digital Networks 333
LTE–The First True 4th Generation Cellular Protocol 336
5G Mobile Networks–Small Cells; Additional Capacity 359
The Internet of Things (IoT) 362
Applications and Services 366
Wi-Fi Standards, Architecture, and Their Use in Cellular Networks 368
Satellites–Geosynchronous and Low Earth Orbiting 380
Appendix 382
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Glossary 389
Index 415
