Phylogeny exam Flashcards

The science of classifying organisms based on shared characteristics and evolutionary relationships.

The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms.

The highest taxonomic rank in the hierarchical classification of organisms.

Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.

Similarity between organisms due to shared ancestry.

Similarity between organisms due to convergent evolution, not shared ancestry.

A method of classifying organisms based on common ancestry and evolutionary relationships.

A shared derived trait found in an ancestor and all of its descendants.

A monophyletic group used as a reference point for the group being studied.

A group consisting of an ancestor and all of its descendants.

A group consisting of an ancestor and some, but not all, of its descendants.

A group that includes various distantly related species but not their common ancestor.

A character that existed in an ancestor.

A modified form of an ancestral trait not found in the ancestor.

Homologous genes separated by a speciation event.

Homologous genes that diverged after a gene duplication event.

The transfer of genes from one genome to another, common in prokaryotes.

The transmission of genes from parent to offspring.

Analogous structures that arose independently.

The process where unrelated organisms independently evolve similar traits.

The genus and species name of an organism, italicized or underlined.

Genus capitalized and species lowercase, both italicized or underlined.

The study of the relationships of organisms.

A branching diagram showing inferred evolutionary relationships between species.

A group of organisms that includes an ancestor and all its descendants.

An ancestral trait shared by two or more descendant taxa.

A mnemonic to remember the taxonomic hierarchy: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

Domain.

Species.