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Ch. 20 - The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology, Genomics, and New Frontiers
Freeman - Biological Science 7th Edition
Freeman7th EditionBiological ScienceISBN: 9783584863285Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 20, Problem 1

What do restriction endonucleases do?

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1
Understand that restriction endonucleases, also known as restriction enzymes, are proteins used by bacteria to defend against viral infections.
Learn that these enzymes recognize specific, short nucleotide sequences in the DNA called restriction sites and cut the DNA at or near these sites.
Recognize that the cuts can be 'blunt' or 'sticky', meaning that the enzyme can cut straight across the DNA to produce blunt ends or offset to produce overhanging, sticky ends.
Explore how these sticky ends can be used to join DNA from different sources, a technique that is fundamental to genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology.
Consider the applications of restriction enzymes in molecular biology, including gene cloning, DNA mapping, and genome sequencing.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Restriction Endonucleases

Restriction endonucleases, also known as restriction enzymes, are proteins that recognize specific sequences of nucleotides in DNA and cleave the DNA at or near these sites. They are essential tools in molecular biology for manipulating DNA, allowing scientists to cut and paste genetic material for cloning, sequencing, and analysis.
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Recognition Sites

Each restriction endonuclease has a unique recognition site, which is a specific sequence of DNA bases that the enzyme binds to before cutting. These sites are typically palindromic, meaning the sequence reads the same forwards and backwards, allowing for precise targeting of DNA fragments for various applications in genetic engineering.
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Applications in Biotechnology

Restriction endonucleases are widely used in biotechnology for various applications, including recombinant DNA technology, where they facilitate the insertion of foreign DNA into plasmids. This process is crucial for gene cloning, gene therapy, and the production of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), making them fundamental tools in genetic research and development.
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