The following table lists a series of hypothetical reactions in aqueous solutions with their standard electrode potentials:

Identify the substance(s) that can oxidize Z²⁺.

The molecular view of the process taking place at the anode in a voltaic cell is shown in the diagram below. Why are the spheres used to depict the atoms in the anode larger than those in the solution?

Will Ag metal dissolve in 1 M HNO₃? If yes, write the balanced redox reaction that occurs upon dissolving the metal.

Which cell represents an electrolysis cell that electroplates Zn?

Is the forward direction of the redox reaction spontaneous?

Sn⁴⁺(aq) + Mg(s) → Sn²⁺(aq) + Mg²⁺ (aq)

A voltaic cell initially consists of a 0.0250 M Mg/Mg²⁺ half-cell and a 1.32 M Ag/Ag⁺ half-cell. Calculate the cell potential when the Ag⁺ has already dropped to 0.50 M.

In cellular respiration, molecular oxygen is reduced by NADH to produce water. This reaction is an energy-yielding process in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Using the following reduction potentials, 

O₂(g) + 4 H⁺(aq) + 4 e⁻ → 2 H₂O(l) E°_red = +0.82 V 

NAD⁺(aq) + H⁺(aq) + 2 e⁻ → NADH (aq)  E°_red = −0.32 V 

At 298 K, what is the ∆G° for the reduction of O₂ by NADH?

A cell produces 1.10 V at 298 K. Determine the equilibrium constant for the reaction happening inside the cell if n = 1.

Molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC) are newly developed fuel cells that commonly use molten lithium and potassium carbonates as electrolytes. The half-reactions in the cell are shown below:

Anode:H₂(g) + CO₃^2–(l) → H₂O(l) +CO₂(g) + 2 e^–

Cathode: 1/2 O₂(g) + CO₂(g) + 2 e^– → CO₃^2–(l)

Using the thermodynamic values below, determine the cell potential (E°) and the equilibrium constant (K) for the overall reaction at 25°C. Identify whether the values of E° and K will increase, decrease or remain unchanged as the temperature decreases.

A rechargeable battery is made up of two Au/Au³⁺ half-cells. The initial concentrations of Au3+ in each half-cell are 1.50 M and 1.25×10^–3 M, respectively, and each cell has a volume of 2.50 L. Calculate the time it will take to redissolve 1.25×10² g of gold charging at a current of 11.5 amps?

Which one of the following statements is correct about the difference(s) between chemical and nuclear reactions?

Consider the isotope Th-228. Write the nuclear equation for the alpha decay of the mentioned isotope.

Identify the missing nuclide then complete and balance the nuclear equation: ²⁰⁸₈₁Tl → ⁰_–1e + ?

Which radioisotope should be selected as a diagnostic tool in nuclear medicine, gamma emitters or alpha emitters? Why?

Complete the reaction: ⁶⁷₃₁Ga + ⁰_–1e → X

Yttrium and Niobium have only 1 stable isotope each. However, elements adjacent to them in the same row such as zirconium and molybdenum have multiple stable isotopes. Identify the statement that explain this phenomenon.

Briefly explain why uranium fuel rods in nuclear reactors cannot be used in atomic weapons without further processing.

Using the belt of stability, identify the type of radioactive decay that nickel-79 (⁷⁹Ni) would undergo.

Which of the following radioisotopes is widely used as a tracer in diagnostic applications?

A radioactive isotope emits alpha-radiation with an activity of 11.2 mCi and each particle having an energy of 8.49×10^–13 J. Assume a person weighing 65.5 kg is exposed to this radiation for 20.0 seconds and that 25.0% of the emitted alpha has been absorbed. Calculate the dose absorbed by the person in millirads and grays.

A skeleton of a species is found to have a carbon-14 decay rate of 1.15 disintegrations per minute per gram of carbon (1.15 dis/min•gC). A carbon gathered from a living species has a rate of 18.5 disintegrations per minute per gram of carbon (18.5 dis/min•gC). If the half-life of carbon-14 is 5730 years, calculate the age of the skeleton.

Determine the energy produced per mole of U-235 in the following fission reaction:

¹₀n + ²³⁵₉₂U → ¹⁴⁰₅₄Xe + ⁹⁴₃₈Sr + 2 ¹₀n

The atomic masses are given below:

m_U-235 = 235.04392 amu

m_Xe-140 = 139.92164 amu

m_Sr-94 = 93.91535 amu

m_n = 1.00866 amu

The energy produced from a nuclear reaction is used to power a typical home that uses 2.3x10³ kWh per month. How much mass in grams is needed to power the home for a year?

Ethylene oxide (oxirane) as shown by the chemical structure below is an important molecule used as a precursor to several other compounds. Instead of having two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom in a row, the three atoms form a ring. It was used in World War I to produce the coolant ethylene glycol and for the production of mustard gas (a chemical weapon). How does the structure of ethylene oxide differ from the structure of ethanol?