Functional Groups in Chemistry definitions Flashcards
Functional Groups in Chemistry definitions
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Hydrocarbons Compounds composed solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, forming the basis of organic chemistry. Alkanes Hydrocarbons with single carbon-carbon bonds, characterized by their saturated nature. Alkenes Hydrocarbons containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond, making them unsaturated. Alkynes Hydrocarbons with one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds, known for their linear geometry. Aromatic rings Ring structures with alternating double and single bonds, exemplified by benzene. Alcohols Organic compounds with a hydroxyl group (OH) attached to a saturated carbon atom. Ethers Compounds with an oxygen atom connected to two alkyl or aryl groups, forming a C-O-C linkage. Amines Organic compounds derived from ammonia, containing a nitrogen atom bonded to hydrogen or carbon. Alkyl halides Compounds where a halogen atom is bonded to an alkyl group, represented as C-X. Thiols Organic compounds containing a sulfhydryl group (SH) attached to a carbon atom. Carboxylic acids Organic acids with a carbonyl group bonded to a hydroxyl group, denoted as C=O-OH. Esters Derived from carboxylic acids, featuring a carbonyl group bonded to an oxygen atom linked to another carbon. Amides Compounds with a carbonyl group directly bonded to a nitrogen atom, forming C=O-N. Aldehydes Organic compounds with a carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen atom, denoted as C=O-H. Ketones Compounds with a carbonyl group flanked by two carbon atoms, forming a C=O linkage.
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