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Solubility Rules quiz #1

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  • What is the name of the phenomenon where water molecules surround ions to help separate them?
    This phenomenon is called solvation or hydration.
  • Substance A dissolves in water. What can be said about substance A?
    Substance A is soluble in water.
  • Which would increase the rate of dissolving salt into water?
    Increasing temperature, stirring, or crushing the salt increases the rate of dissolving.
  • Which statement explains why sugar dissolves easily in water?
    Sugar is polar and forms hydrogen bonds with water, making it soluble.
  • How does temperature affect solubility?
    Increasing temperature generally increases the solubility of solids in liquids.
  • What does soluble mean?
    Soluble means a substance can dissolve in a solvent to form a solution.
  • What happens to salt when it is dissolved in water?
    Salt dissociates into its ions, which become surrounded by water molecules.
  • What does it mean when we say a substance is water-soluble?
    It means the substance can dissolve in water to form a homogeneous solution.
  • For which type of aqueous compounds does a decrease in pH increase solubility?
    Compounds containing basic anions like carbonates or phosphates become more soluble at lower pH.
  • Which compound is insoluble in water?
    Compounds containing carbonate, phosphate, or sulfide ions (except with Group 1A or ammonium) are insoluble.
  • Which interactions and processes contribute to the dissolution of ionic compounds in water?
    Ion-dipole interactions and hydration of ions contribute to dissolution.
  • Which would be least likely to completely dissolve in water?
    Nonpolar substances and salts with COPS ions (except exceptions) are least likely to dissolve.
  • Which actions are part of the dissolution process of an ionic solute in water?
    Breaking ionic bonds, hydration of ions, and dispersion in solution.
  • Which of these substances will water dissolve?
    Water dissolves polar and ionic substances, especially those with Group 1A, ammonium, nitrate, or acetate ions.
  • Which metal cations form a precipitate with PO4^3- ions in aqueous solution?
    Most metal cations except Group 1A and ammonium will form precipitates with PO4^3-.
  • Why does sugar dissolve in water?
    Sugar is polar and forms hydrogen bonds with water, allowing it to dissolve.
  • How does increasing pressure affect the solubility of gases in water?
    Gases become more soluble in water at higher pressure.
  • Which substance will most likely ionize when it is dissolved in water?
    Ionic compounds like NaCl or CaCl2 will ionize in water.
  • Which types of salts are soluble in water?
    Salts with Group 1A, ammonium, nitrate, or acetate ions are soluble.
  • Which types of salts are generally insoluble in water?
    Salts with carbonate, phosphate, or sulfide ions (except exceptions) are insoluble.
  • If CaCl2 is dissolved in water, what happens?
    CaCl2 dissociates into Ca^2+ and Cl^- ions, which are hydrated by water.
  • How does the solubility of gases in water change with temperature?
    Gases are generally more soluble in water at lower temperatures.
  • What is supersaturation in a solution?
    Supersaturation is when a solution contains more dissolved solute than it can normally hold at a given temperature.
  • What is the solubility characteristic of N2 (g) in CH3OH (l)?
    N2 is only slightly soluble in CH3OH due to its nonpolar nature.
  • Which barium salt is insoluble in water?
    Barium sulfate (BaSO4) is insoluble in water.
  • Which group of molecules are insoluble in water?
    Nonpolar molecules and most COPS salts are insoluble in water.
  • Which process occurs as an ionic salt completely dissolves in solution?
    The salt dissociates into ions, which are hydrated by water molecules.
  • Which types of compounds are soluble in water?
    Compounds with Group 1A, ammonium, nitrate, or acetate ions are soluble.
  • Why are some solutes soluble in water and some solutes soluble in cyclohexane?
    Polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents like water; nonpolar solutes dissolve in nonpolar solvents like cyclohexane.
  • Which types of salts generally have the lowest solubility in water?
    Salts with carbonate, phosphate, or sulfide ions (except exceptions) have the lowest solubility.
  • When copper (II) sulfate is dissolved in water, what happens?
    CuSO4 dissociates into Cu^2+ and SO4^2- ions, which are hydrated by water.
  • Which type of anion will typically result in an insoluble compound?
    Carbonate, phosphate, chromate, oxide, hydroxide, and sulfide anions typically form insoluble compounds.