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Genomic Variation definitions

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  • Genomic Variation
    Differences in DNA sequences among individuals, underlying genetic diversity and unique traits.
  • Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
    A change at a single base in DNA, occurring about once every 1000 bases, often used for genetic identification.
  • Non-coding Region
    A DNA segment not involved in protein production, where most single nucleotide changes are found.
  • Restriction Enzyme
    A protein that cuts DNA at specific sequences, enabling detection of sequence differences.
  • Southern Blot
    A technique for visualizing DNA fragments of different lengths to identify sequence variations.
  • PCR
    A method to amplify specific DNA regions, facilitating detection of genetic differences.
  • DNA Microarray
    A platform with many DNA probes that can detect even single base changes in a sequence.
  • Deletion/Insertion Polymorphism
    A small DNA segment added or removed, ranging from one to hundreds of bases, found throughout the genome.
  • Simple Sequence Repeat
    A short DNA motif, usually 1–3 bases, repeated multiple times, sometimes linked to genetic disorders.
  • Mini Satellite
    A repeated DNA sequence of 500 to 20,000 bases, used in forensic identification due to individual-specific patterns.
  • DNA Fingerprint
    A unique pattern of DNA fragment lengths, generated from repeated sequences, used for identification.
  • Copy Number Variant
    A large DNA segment present in variable numbers among individuals, contributing to genomic diversity.
  • Microsatellite
    A type of simple sequence repeat, often used in genetic profiling due to high variability.
  • Allele
    A variant form of a gene or DNA sequence, contributing to genetic differences among individuals.