Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of chromosome number in the resulting cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two diploid cells, while meiosis produces four haploid cells.

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 3

What is the function of the centrioles during mitosis in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

They organize spindle fibers for chromosome movement.

Question 4

Which of the following terms refers to alternative forms of the same gene found on homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Alleles

Question 5

A cell with 2n = 8 undergoes meiosis. How many chromosomes will each gamete contain?

Accepted Answer

$$4$$

Question 6

Which protein complex is responsible for cleaving cohesin to allow sister chromatids to separate during anaphase?

Accepted Answer

Separase

Question 7

In which substage of prophase I does crossing over occur?

Accepted Answer

Pachynema

Question 8

What is the significance of chiasmata during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

They are the regions where homologous chromosomes remain attached after crossing over.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why genetic variation is increased by meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over and independent assortment occur during meiosis.

Question 10

If a diploid organism has a haploid number $$n = 12$$, how many different combinations of chromosomes can be produced in its gametes due to independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

$$2^{12}$$

Question 11

Which of the following statements about oogenesis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Only one daughter cell becomes a functional ovum.

Question 12

Which structure is responsible for organizing spindle fibers during cell division in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Centrosome

Question 13

During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align at the equatorial plane of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 14

Which of the following events occurs during telophase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear envelope reforms and chromosomes uncoil.

Question 15

A mutation in the gene encoding separase would most likely result in which of the following mitotic defects?

Accepted Answer

Failure of sister chromatids to separate during anaphase.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids?

Accepted Answer

Homologous chromosomes are similar but not identical, while sister chromatids are identical copies formed during DNA replication.

Question 17

In the life cycle of multicellular plants, what is the relationship between the sporophyte and gametophyte generations?

Accepted Answer

The sporophyte is diploid and produces haploid spores by meiosis.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a feature shared by all cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why meiosis is critical for sexual reproduction in diploid organisms?

Accepted Answer

It reduces the chromosome number by half, preventing chromosome doubling in each generation.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the G0 phase is correct?

Accepted Answer

Cells in G0 have exited the cell cycle and are nondividing but metabolically active.

Cell Cycle, Mitosis, and Meiosis: Foundations of Genetic Transmission

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