Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between aneuploidy and polyploidy?

Accepted Answer

Aneuploidy involves the loss or gain of one or a few chromosomes, while polyploidy involves the gain of one or more complete sets of chromosomes.

Question 2

A child inherits a mitochondrial disorder from their mother, but not from their father. What is the most likely explanation for this pattern of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrial DNA is inherited maternally through the egg.

Question 3

Which chromosome mutation is characterized by a segment of a chromosome being reversed in orientation?

Accepted Answer

Inversion

Question 4

A plant species is found to have three complete sets of chromosomes (3n). What is this condition called?

Accepted Answer

Triploidy

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function that a molecule must fulfill to be considered genetic material?

Accepted Answer

Be able to catalyze all metabolic reactions

Question 6

In the Hershey-Chase experiment, which radioactive label was found inside the infected bacteria, supporting DNA as the genetic material?

Accepted Answer

$$^{32}\mathrm{P}$$

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why mitochondrial disorders can vary in severity among siblings?

Accepted Answer

Different cells and tissues may receive different proportions of mutant mtDNA, leading to variable expression.

Question 8

Which of the following is a purine base found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine

Question 9

A chromosome changes from $$ABCDE to$$ $$ABDE. $$What type of mutation has occurred?

Accepted Answer

Deletion

Question 10

Which of the following statements about organelle inheritance is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own DNA, which is often inherited maternally.

Question 11

Which experiment provided the first evidence that DNA, and not protein, is the genetic material?

Accepted Answer

Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty's experiment

Question 12

In Mirabilis jalapa, leaf color is determined by chloroplast DNA. If a green female is crossed with a white male, what will be the color of the offspring's leaves?

Accepted Answer

All offspring will have green leaves.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes a reciprocal translocation?

Accepted Answer

Segments are exchanged between nonhomologous chromosomes.

Question 14

Which of the following is a likely consequence of a chromosomal duplication?

Accepted Answer

Increased gene dosage, which can disrupt gene regulation

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a component of a DNA nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

Ribose sugar

Question 16

A chromosome changes from $$ABCDE to$$ $$ADCBE. $$What type of mutation has occurred?

Accepted Answer

Inversion

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why polyploidy is especially important in plants?

Accepted Answer

Polyploidy can contribute to plant evolution and agriculture by increasing size, vigor, and stress resistance.

Question 18

Which of the following is a pyrimidine base found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Thymine

Question 19

A chromosome changes from $$ABCDE to$$ $$ABCBCDE. $$What type of mutation has occurred?

Accepted Answer

Duplication

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE regarding maternal effect and organelle heredity?

Accepted Answer

Maternal effect involves products of the mother's nuclear genes deposited in the egg, while organelle heredity involves inheritance of DNA in mitochondria or chloroplasts.

Week 5

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards