Question 1

Which stage of mitosis is depicted in the first two images, where chromosomes are aligned at the cell's equator and spindle fibers are attached to the centromeres?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 2

A diploid cell (2N) with three pairs of homologous chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after division?

Accepted Answer

$$2N = 6$$

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the difference between haploid (N) and diploid (2N) cells as shown in the fourth image?

Accepted Answer

Haploid cells have one set of nonhomologous chromosomes, while diploid cells have pairs of homologous chromosomes.

Question 4

The fifth image shows two chromosomes with different structures. What is the constricted region where spindle fibers attach during cell division called?

Accepted Answer

Centromere

Question 5

A karyotype, as shown in the sixth image, can be used to determine which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The number and structure of chromosomes, and the sex of the individual

Question 6

Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), as shown in the seventh and eighth images, is primarily used to:

Accepted Answer

Visualize specific chromosomes using fluorescent probes

Question 7

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur, as shown in the ninth image?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 8

In the process of mitosis, as illustrated in the tenth and eleventh images, what is the main event that occurs during anaphase?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles

Question 9

Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is correct, as shown in the fifteenth image?

Accepted Answer

They carry the same genes but may have different alleles

Question 10

In the life cycle of a diploid animal (see the eighteenth image), which process restores the diploid number after gametes are formed?

Accepted Answer

Fertilization

Question 11

During meiosis I, as shown in the nineteenth image, what is the key event that distinguishes it from mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Separation of homologous chromosomes

Question 12

Which stage of meiosis I is characterized by the formation of chiasmata and crossing over, as shown in the last image?

Accepted Answer

Pachytene

Question 13

If a diploid organism has a genotype AaBb, how many genetically unique gametes can it produce, assuming independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

$$4$$

Question 14

Which of the following best explains Mendel's law of segregation at the chromosomal level?

Accepted Answer

Homologous chromosomes pair and then separate during meiosis I

Question 15

A cell with genotype AaBb undergoes mitosis. What will be the genotype of the daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

AaBb

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over occurs in mitosis but not in meiosis

Question 17

If nondisjunction occurs during meiosis II, what is the likely outcome for the resulting gametes?

Accepted Answer

Two gametes will be normal, one will have an extra chromosome, and one will be missing one

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the kinetochore during cell division?

Accepted Answer

It is the region where spindle fibers attach to the chromosome

Question 19

A geneticist observes a cell with 46 chromosomes, including two X chromosomes. What can be inferred about the individual?

Accepted Answer

The individual is female

Question 20

Which of the following events increases genetic diversity during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over during prophase I

Lecture 3

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