Q: A population of plants is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. If the frequency of allele A is 0.7, what is the expected frequency of genotype Aa?

$$2pq = 2 \times 0.7 \times 0.3 = 0.42$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the Law of Segregation as proposed by Mendel?

Accepted Answer

Two alleles for a single trait separate randomly, so each gamete has a 50% chance of receiving either allele.

Question 2

A geneticist is using a cytogenetic technique to diagnose Down syndrome in a fetus. Which chromosomal abnormality is she looking for?

Accepted Answer

An extra chromosome on the 21st pair

Question 3

Which of the following is a real-world application of recombinant DNA technology in industry?

Accepted Answer

Using genetically modified bacteria to produce human insulin

Question 4

A person inherits two different alleles for a gene, one from each parent. If both alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype, this is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Codominance

Question 5

Which of the following equations represents the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for a gene with two alleles, A and a, with frequencies p and q?

Accepted Answer

$$p^2 + 2pq$$ + $$q^2 = 1$

Question 6

Which genetic technique would be most appropriate for separating and identifying different types of human hemoglobin molecules?

Accepted Answer

Chromatography and electrophoresis

Question 7

A child is born with albinism, an inherited disorder caused by the inability to produce melanin. Which genetic technique would best identify the enzyme deficiency responsible?

Accepted Answer

Physiological technique

Question 8

Which of the following statements about alleles is correct?

Accepted Answer

Alleles are different forms of the same gene located at the same locus on homologous chromosomes.

Question 9

A population of plants is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. If the frequency of allele A is 0.7, what is the expected frequency of genotype Aa?

Accepted Answer

$$2pq = 2 	imes 0.7 	imes 0.3 = 0.42$$

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why identical twins are used in behavioral genetics studies?

Accepted Answer

They share all of their genes, allowing researchers to separate genetic and environmental influences.

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of a phenocopy?

Accepted Answer

A trait caused by the environment but resembling a known genetic trait

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

There is natural selection favoring certain alleles.

Question 13

A genetic disorder is caused by an extra X chromosome in males. Which syndrome does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Klinefelter syndrome

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of a gene?

Accepted Answer

A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or functional product.

Question 15

Which of the following is a direct application of immunogenetics in medicine?

Accepted Answer

Blood group determination for transfusions

Question 16

A plant breeder uses colchicine to double the chromosome number in a plant. What is the likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

A new variety of plant with increased genetic material

Question 17

Which of the following best describes epistasis?

Accepted Answer

A gene that affects the expression of another gene

Question 18

Which of the following is a key feature of the molecular technique known as recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

Insertion of a gene of interest into a vector to create recombinant DNA

Question 19

A geneticist is analyzing the inheritance of a trait that does not fit simple Mendelian ratios. Which of the following could explain this observation?

Accepted Answer

Incomplete dominance, codominance, or multiple alleles

Genetics: Foundations, Techniques, and Mendelian Inheritance

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