Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between a genomic DNA library and a cDNA library?

Accepted Answer

A genomic DNA library contains DNA fragments representing the entire genome, while a cDNA library contains only cDNA copies of mRNA representing expressed genes.

Question 2

In Sanger sequencing, what is the role of dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs)?

Accepted Answer

They terminate DNA synthesis by lacking a 3'-OH group, preventing the addition of further nucleotides.

Question 3

Which sequencing technology is most suitable for sequencing long DNA fragments in real time?

Accepted Answer

Nanopore sequencing

Question 4

A researcher wants to compare gene expression profiles between healthy and cancerous tissues. Which omics approach and sequencing technology should they use?

Accepted Answer

Transcriptomics with RNA-seq using Illumina NGS

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the Human Genome Project (HGP) is correct?

Accepted Answer

The HGP used BACs and YACs for cloning DNA fragments before sequencing.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the process of genome assembly?

Accepted Answer

Genome assembly is the process of aligning and merging short DNA sequence reads into longer contiguous sequences called contigs.

Question 7

Which of the following is a key advantage of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) over Sanger sequencing?

Accepted Answer

NGS allows massively parallel sequencing of millions of short DNA fragments simultaneously.

Question 8

A patient is suspected to have a genetic disorder caused by a single nucleotide change. Which type of genetic variation is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)

Question 9

Which omics technology would be most appropriate for identifying changes in DNA methylation patterns associated with cancer?

Accepted Answer

Epigenomics

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why the human reference genome is not a consensus genome?

Accepted Answer

It was assembled from pooled haploid genomes of multiple individuals, with each person contributing one segment.

Question 11

Which sequencing method uses fluorescently labeled nucleotides and detects the incorporation of one nucleotide per cycle?

Accepted Answer

Illumina sequencing

Question 12

A scientist is interested in studying the diversity of microbial species in ocean water without culturing them. Which approach should they use?

Accepted Answer

Metagenomics

Question 13

Which of the following is a primary application of functional genomics?

Accepted Answer

Assigning biological functions to genomic elements such as genes and regulatory regions

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between genetic maps and physical maps?

Accepted Answer

Genetic maps measure genetic distance in centimorgans (cM), while physical maps measure actual base-pair distances.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a typical step in the Illumina sequencing workflow?

Accepted Answer

Real-time detection of single-molecule synthesis in a nanopore

Question 16

Which omics technology would be most useful for identifying and quantifying all proteins present in a cancer cell?

Accepted Answer

Proteomics

Question 17

A researcher is using Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing (WGBS). What is the main purpose of this technique?

Accepted Answer

To map DNA methylation patterns across the entire genome

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the main goal of the ENCODE project?

Accepted Answer

To build a comprehensive catalog of functional elements in the human genome, including genes, regulatory elements, and non-coding RNAs

Question 19

Which of the following is a key feature of third-generation sequencing technologies such as PacBio and Nanopore?

Accepted Answer

They produce long reads and allow real-time sequencing of single DNA molecules.

Question 20

A scientist is interested in identifying rare cell types within a tumor. Which transcriptomics approach should they use?

Accepted Answer

Single-cell RNA-seq

Genomic Technologies, Sequencing, and Multi-Omics in Modern Genetics

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