Question 1

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA → RNA → Protein

Question 2

Which early theory of biological development proposed that a fertilized egg contains a fully formed miniature organism?

Accepted Answer

Preformation theory

Question 3

A mutation in the gene encoding β-globin causes sickle cell anemia. Which amino acid substitution is responsible for this disease?

Accepted Answer

Glutamic acid to valine

Question 4

Which of the following statements about chromosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes exist in pairs in diploid cells

Question 5

Which model organism is commonly used to study cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

Danio rerio

Question 6

What is the main difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

RNA contains ribose sugar, while DNA contains deoxyribose

Question 7

Which process restores the diploid chromosome number during sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Fertilization

Question 8

If a DNA sequence is 5'-TACGGC-3', what is the complementary RNA sequence produced during transcription?

Accepted Answer

3'-AUGCCG-5'

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of model organisms used in genetics?

Accepted Answer

Difficult to grow in the lab

Question 10

Which equation correctly represents the number of possible DNA sequences of length $$n$$?

Accepted Answer

$$4^n$$

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why proteins have more possible sequence combinations than DNA?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are made of 20 amino acids, while DNA has 4 bases

Question 12

Which of the following is a direct application of recombinant DNA technology?

Accepted Answer

Cloning of genes for study

Question 13

A scientist wants to study a gene responsible for a human neurological disorder. Which model organism would be most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Drosophila melanogaster

Question 14

Which of the following statements about alleles is correct?

Accepted Answer

Alleles are different versions of the same gene

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the relationship between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype is the set of alleles, phenotype is the observable trait

Question 16

Which of the following is a key discovery demonstrated by the cloning of Dolly the sheep?

Accepted Answer

Adult nuclei can be reprogrammed to direct development

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a direct benefit of biotechnology in agriculture?

Accepted Answer

Increased genetic disorders in humans

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the chromosomal theory of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Genes are located on chromosomes and are transmitted through gametes

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of how a single nucleotide change can affect phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Sickle cell anemia caused by a mutation in the β-globin gene

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the history of genetics?

Accepted Answer

Mendel's work published → Chromosome theory proposed → DNA structure discovered → Recombinant DNA technology developed

Introduction to Genetics: Concepts, History, and Applications

Study Guide - Practice Questions