Question 1

Which of the following best describes Mendel's principle of segregation?

Accepted Answer

During gamete formation, paired unit factors separate so that each gamete receives one or the other with equal likelihood.

Question 2

A pea plant with genotype Tt is crossed with another Tt plant. What is the expected phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation?

Accepted Answer

$$3:1$$

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a reason why Mendel chose pea plants for his experiments?

Accepted Answer

They have a long generation time.

Question 4

In a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous plants (YyRr x YyRr), what is the expected phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation?

Accepted Answer

$$9:3:3:1$$

Question 5

A test cross is performed between a plant with an unknown genotype showing a dominant phenotype and a homozygous recessive plant. If all offspring display the dominant phenotype, what is the genotype of the unknown parent?

Accepted Answer

Homozygous dominant

Question 6

Which equation would you use to calculate the probability of obtaining exactly 2 heads in 4 coin tosses?

Accepted Answer

$$p = \frac{4!}{2!2!}(\frac{1}{2})^2$(\frac{1}{2})^2$

Question 7

Which of the following statements about independent assortment is correct?

Accepted Answer

Genes located on different chromosomes assort independently during gamete formation.

Question 8

A family has seven children. What is the probability that exactly five will be male and two will be female?

Accepted Answer

$$p = \frac{7!}{5!2!}(\frac{1}{2})^5$(\frac{1}{2})^2$

Question 9

Which of the following best explains the molecular basis for wrinkled peas in Mendel's experiments?

Accepted Answer

A mutation in the gene encoding starch-branching enzyme (SBEI) leads to lack of enzyme activity, causing accumulation of sucrose and water loss.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct application of the product law of probability in genetics?

Accepted Answer

The probability of two independent events occurring together is the product of their individual probabilities.

Question 11

In a pedigree analysis, which pattern suggests an autosomal recessive trait?

Accepted Answer

Trait often skips generations and appears equally in both sexes.

Question 12

If a plant with genotype AaBbCc is self-crossed, how many different types of gametes can it produce?

Accepted Answer

$$2^3 = 8$

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding the chromosomal theory of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Genes are located on chromosomes, and their segregation during meiosis explains Mendel's principles.

Question 14

A heterozygous individual for a recessive disease (Dd) marries another heterozygote (Dd). What is the probability that their child will be affected by the disease?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about the null hypothesis in chi-square analysis?

Accepted Answer

It assumes that observed data fit expected Mendelian ratios and any deviation is due to chance.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a wild type allele?

Accepted Answer

The allele most commonly found in a population, usually non-mutated.

Question 17

A trihybrid cross (AaBbCc x AaBbCc) is performed. How many different phenotypes are expected in the F2 generation, assuming independent assortment and complete dominance?

Accepted Answer

$$2^3 = 8$

Question 18

Which of the following is a molecular explanation for Tay-Sachs disease?

Accepted Answer

A mutation in the gene encoding hexosaminidase A leads to accumulation of GM2 ganglioside in neurons.

Question 19

If the calculated chi-square value for a genetic cross is less than the critical value at $$p = 0.05$$, what is the correct interpretation?

Accepted Answer

The null hypothesis is not rejected; deviations are due to chance.

Mendelian Genetics: Principles, Patterns, and Applications

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