Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main purpose of molecular genetics?

Accepted Answer

To analyze genetic material at the molecular level, including storage, replication, transmission, and activity

Question 2

In a forward genetic screen using C. elegans, what is the primary sequence of steps?

Accepted Answer

Induce random mutations, screen for phenotype, identify mutated gene

Question 3

Which molecular genetic technique is most commonly used to determine the function of a specific gene by creating a targeted mutation?

Accepted Answer

Reverse genetics

Question 4

During mitosis, what is the role of microtubules?

Accepted Answer

They separate sister chromatids to ensure genetic continuity

Question 5

Which stage of meiosis introduces genetic diversity, and what is the mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis I; crossing over between homologous chromosomes

Question 6

A mutation in the unc-73 gene in C. elegans results in defective nervous system circuitry. Which protein domain is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

RhoGEF

Question 7

Which equation best represents the reduction in DNA content during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

$$2n \rightarrow n$$

Question 8

If a cell starts with 8 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after mitosis?

Accepted Answer

8

Question 9

Which of the following is a real-world application of molecular genetics?

Accepted Answer

Studying cell function and disease etiology

Question 10

A researcher uses CRISPR-Cas9 to knock out a gene in mice and observes the resulting phenotype. Which approach is this?

Accepted Answer

Reverse genetics

Question 11

Which process is responsible for the transmission of genetic information from DNA to protein?

Accepted Answer

Transcription and translation

Question 12

What is the significance of the S phase in the eukaryotic cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

It is when DNA is synthesized

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why defects in human Trio protein are associated with autism and intellectual disability?

Accepted Answer

Trio protein is required for proper nervous system development and neurotransmission

Question 14

During meiosis, homologous chromosomes are separated in which stage?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis I

Question 15

Which formula represents the number of possible gamete combinations due to independent assortment, given $$n$$ pairs of chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

$$2^n$$

Question 16

A student observes C. elegans with uncoordinated movement after mutagenesis. What is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

Mutation in a gene required for nervous system function

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a reason to study molecular genetics?

Accepted Answer

To study the effect of weather on plant growth

Question 18

Which of the following best describes sister chromatids?

Accepted Answer

Two identical molecules of DNA double helix that make up a chromosome

Question 19

Which step in the cell cycle is skipped by cells in the $$G_0$$ phase?

Accepted Answer

M phase

Question 20

If a mutation affects the RhoGEF domain of Trio protein, which cellular process is most likely disrupted?

Accepted Answer

Axon guidance and neurotransmission modulation

Molecular Genetics: Foundations, Methods, and Cell Division

Study Guide - Practice Questions