Q: A researcher isolates a mature mRNA from a eukaryotic cell and finds the sequence 5'-AGCUUCCGAAGUCA-3'. What is the sequence of the template DNA strand?

$$3'\text{-TCGAAGGCTTCAGT-}5'$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 2

During bacterial transcription, what is the function of the sigma (σ) factor?

Accepted Answer

It recognizes and binds to the promoter region to initiate transcription.

Question 3

Which sequence is commonly found at the -10 region (Pribnow box) of E. coli promoters?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{TATAAT}$$

Question 4

What is the main difference between rho-dependent and rho-independent termination in E. coli?

Accepted Answer

Rho-dependent termination requires the rho protein, while rho-independent does not.

Question 5

Which of the following is a cis-acting element in transcription?

Accepted Answer

Promoter

Question 6

A mature eukaryotic mRNA contains which of the following modifications?

Accepted Answer

A 5' cap and a 3' poly-A tail

Question 7

Which enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of RNA using a DNA template during transcription?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 8

In eukaryotes, which RNA polymerase is responsible for transcribing all protein-coding genes?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase II

Question 9

Which of the following statements about alternative splicing is correct?

Accepted Answer

It allows a single gene to produce multiple polypeptides.

Question 10

What is the role of the 5' cap in eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

It facilitates ribosome binding and protects mRNA from degradation.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a polycistronic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

An mRNA that encodes two or more polypeptides.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the spliceosome?

Accepted Answer

Adding a poly-A tail to mRNA

Question 13

A mutation in the -10 region of a bacterial promoter is most likely to affect which process?

Accepted Answer

Initiation of transcription

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding the direction of RNA synthesis during transcription?

Accepted Answer

RNA is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction.

Question 15

Which of the following is a trans-acting factor in transcription?

Accepted Answer

Sigma factor

Question 16

Which of the following modifications is unique to eukaryotic mRNA and not found in bacterial mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Addition of a 7-methylguanosine cap at the 5' end

Question 17

A researcher isolates a mature mRNA from a eukaryotic cell and finds the sequence 5'-AGCUUCCGAAGUCA-3'. What is the sequence of the template DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

$$3'	ext{-TCGAAGGCTTCAGT-}5'$$

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the coding and template strands is correct?

Accepted Answer

The coding strand has the same sequence as the RNA transcript, except T is replaced by U.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the poly-A tail in eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

It increases mRNA stability and aids in translation.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic transcription is more complex than bacterial transcription?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotes have more genes, more RNA polymerases, and more regulatory elements.

Transcription and RNA Processing: Mechanisms and Regulation

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