Give the correct IUPAC name for each of the following compounds:
(a)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Analyze the structure of the compound provided in the image. Identify the longest continuous carbon chain in the molecule, as this will determine the base name of the compound.
2. Step 2: Number the carbon atoms in the longest chain starting from the end closest to the first substituent group. This ensures the substituents receive the lowest possible numbers.
3. Step 3: Identify and name all substituent groups attached to the main chain. Common substituents include alkyl groups (e.g., methyl, ethyl) and functional groups (e.g., hydroxyl, halogens).
4. Step 4: Combine the names of the substituents with the base name of the compound. Use prefixes to indicate the number of identical substituents (e.g., di-, tri-) and include their position numbers.
5. Step 5: Ensure the name follows IUPAC rules for alphabetical order of substituents and proper punctuation (e.g., commas between numbers and hyphens between numbers and names).

Key Concepts

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method for naming chemical compounds, established by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. It provides rules for naming organic and inorganic compounds based on their structure, functional groups, and other characteristics. Understanding these rules is essential for accurately identifying and communicating the identity of chemical substances.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. They determine the properties and reactivity of organic compounds. Recognizing functional groups is crucial for determining the correct IUPAC name, as they influence the naming conventions and hierarchy in nomenclature.

Structural Isomerism

Structural isomerism refers to the phenomenon where compounds have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements of atoms. This can lead to different physical and chemical properties. Understanding structural isomerism is important in IUPAC naming, as each unique structure may require a distinct name to reflect its specific arrangement.