Functional Group Priorities - Video Tutorials & Practice Problems

Functional Group Priorities Concept 1

Now, when it comes to naming compounds with multiple functional groups, we're gonna say that priorities must be considered. And we're gonna say that the functional group with the highest priority is named as the parent chain. And all other functional groups will be named as substituents. When it comes to functional group priorities, this is the order that you need to keep in mind. So carbolic acids reign supreme. They have the highest priority of all the functional groups followed by aldehydes, then ketones, then alcohols, then amines and then ethers. These are the functional groups that we've curated because they're the ones that are usually mixed together within a multifunctional group compound. Now, the memory tool we can use here is that cool alligators, keep all animals excited. So this will help us remember cool for carbolic acids, alligators for aldehydes, keep for ketones, all for alcohols, animals for means and then excited for ethers, right? So just remember highest priority functional group forms the end of the name as the parent chain. All of the functional groups will be substituents

Functional Group Priorities Example 1

Here, it says to provide parent chain names for each compound in a, we have two functional groups present we have in a mean here. And then we have an alcohol. Remember the priority when it comes to functional groups has alcohols having higher priority than a means because of that, the parent chain is the one that's gonna include the alcohol. And if we just name the alcohol within a vacuum, meaning we're not paying attention to the amine portion, what would the alcohol chain be called? Well, we'd start numbering from the end closest to the oh, so 1234567, the alcohols are carbon number one. So that'd be one and then southern carbons is half and then it's an alcohol. So Hepton all for the next one, we have a carbolic acid group here and then we have a ketone group here. Remember carboxylic acids reign supreme. They are the highest priority functional group. So we're gonna pay attention to that. So if we're just looking at the uh the carbolic acid part and ignoring the ketone because we're just concerned with the parent chain, what would it be called? So he would say it would be 12344 carbons, here would be Banic acid. Now, we have a methyl group attached, we have a ketone attached. They also be incorporated into the name as well. But for right now, we're just concerned with what the parent chain would be. So again, remember the highest priority functional group forms the parent chain name, everything else will be a substituent.

Substituent Prefixes Concept 2

Now, we're going to say if a functional group is named as a substituent, then it must use the prefixes listed below. So let's say that we have an ether portion that is a substituent, it'll be called an alcoy group. Now, what do I mean by that? Well, let's say that the ether portion was an och three ch three is methyl. But because of the oxygen present, it become metox. If we had an ethyl group attached to the oxygen, it's no longer ethyl, it's oxy. So that's what we mean by an oxy. Next, if we had an amine group, it'd be called amino as a substituent and alcohol as a substituent is called hydroxy. And then finally, if we had an aldehyde or ketone as a substituent, they would be oxo. So keep these names in mind when each of these functional groups becomes a substituent.

Substituent Prefixes Example 2

So here it says provide the systematic name for the given molecule. Remember our memory tool, we're gonna say here cool alligators, keep all animals excited here. That would mean that our key toone here would have higher priority than our alcohol. So our alcohol will be a substituent because the ketone has higher priority, we're gonna start numbering from the end closer to it. So we're gonna say here 12345678. Oh wait, when it's a substituent, it's called hydroxy. It's on carbon seven. So this would be seven hydroxy. The ketone carbon is on carbon three. So it'd be three, it is an eight carbon chain. So it's off 10. And then remember it's not octane anymore since it's a key Toone, we change the e ending to own. So it becomes Octa know. So the Iupac name or systematic name of this structure would be seven hydroxy three. Often. No

Provide IUPAC name for following.

• A. 4-amino-3,3-dimethylpentanoic acid
• B. 4-amine-3-dimethylpentanoic acid
• C. 2-amino-3-dimethylpentaneoic acid
• D. 2-amine-3,3-dimethylpentanoic acid

Provide IUPAC name for following.

• A. 4-propoxypentanal
• B. 3-ethoxybutanal
• C. 2-ethoxypentanol
• D. 4-ethoxypentanal

Draw a structure for 7-oxoheptanoic acid.

• A.
• B.
• C.
• D.