Textbook Question
Glycogen and amylopectin are both branched polymers of glucose. Read the descriptions of each in Section 6.6. Which molecule has a more compact structure? Explain.
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Ch.6 Carbohydrates Life's Sweet Molecules
Frost4th EditionGeneral, Organic and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134988696
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Table of contents
- Ch.4 Introduction to Organic Compounds75
- Ch.5 Chemical Reactions19
- Ch.6 Carbohydrates Life's Sweet Molecules62
- Ch.7 States of Matter and Their Attractive Forces8
- Ch.8 Solution Chemistry Sugar and Water Do Mix4
- Ch.10 Proteins Workers of the Cell89
- Ch.11 Nucleic Acids Big Molecules with a Big Role69
- Ch.12 Food as Fuel An Overview of Metabolism65
Frost4th EditionGeneral, Organic and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134988696Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 3, Problem 89a
The structure of sucralose, found in the artificial sweetener Splenda, is shown in the figure. It consists of a chlorinated disaccharide made up of galactose and fructose. In its structure shown,
(a) identify the galactose unit and the fructose unit.
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the structure of sucralose. Sucralose is a chlorinated disaccharide composed of two monosaccharides: galactose and fructose. These units are chemically bonded together to form the disaccharide structure.
Step 2: Examine the provided image of sucralose. Look for the two distinct monosaccharide units within the structure. Each unit will have characteristic features that distinguish galactose from fructose.
Step 3: Identify the galactose unit. Galactose is a six-carbon sugar (hexose) with a specific arrangement of hydroxyl (-OH) groups. In sucralose, the galactose unit will have chlorine atoms replacing some hydroxyl groups, but its core structure remains identifiable.
Step 4: Identify the fructose unit. Fructose is a five-carbon sugar (pentose) with a ketone functional group. In sucralose, the fructose unit will also have chlorine atoms replacing some hydroxyl groups, but its ketone group and overall structure will help distinguish it from galactose.
Step 5: Label the galactose and fructose units in the image. Use the structural features described above to clearly mark which part of the sucralose molecule corresponds to galactose and which corresponds to fructose.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Disaccharides
Disaccharides are carbohydrates formed by the combination of two monosaccharides through a glycosidic bond. In the case of sucralose, the disaccharide is composed of galactose and fructose. Understanding the structure and properties of disaccharides is essential for identifying their components and their roles in nutrition and sweetness.
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Types of Disaccharides Concept 1
Galactose
Galactose is a monosaccharide that is part of the disaccharide lactose and is commonly found in dairy products. It is an aldohexose, meaning it has six carbon atoms and an aldehyde group. In the context of sucralose, recognizing the galactose unit is crucial for understanding the sweetening properties and the overall structure of the artificial sweetener.
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Fructose
Fructose is a simple sugar, or monosaccharide, that is found in many plants, where it is often bonded to glucose to form sucrose. It is a key component of many sweeteners, including sucralose. Identifying the fructose unit in the structure of sucralose is important for understanding its sweetness and how it interacts with taste receptors.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
On an exam, a student was asked to draw the Fischer projection of L-glucose, but he had only memorized the structure of D-glucose. He wrote the structure of D-glucose and switched the hydroxyl group on C5 from the right to the left. Was his answer correct? If not, what is the name of the aldose that he drew?
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Textbook Question
Carbohydrates are abbreviated using a three-letter abbreviation followed by their glycosidic bond type. For example, maltose and sucrose can be written respectively as
Provide the structure for the O-type blood carbohydrate set given the following abbreviation:
L-Fucα (1→2) Galß(1→4)GlcNAc
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Textbook Question
The structure of sucralose, found in the artificial sweetener Splenda, is shown in the figure. It consists of a chlorinated disaccharide made up of galactose and fructose. In its structure shown, (b) identify the type of glycosidic bond present.
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Textbook Question
Which of the components in starch is more likely to be broken down more quickly in plants, amylose or amylopectin? Why?
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Textbook Question
How much energy is produced if a person eats 50 g of digestible carbohydrate (not fiber) in a day? In this case, what percent of a 2200 Calorie diet would be digestible carbohydrate? Recall that carbohydrates provide four Calories of energy per gram consumed.
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