From which germ layers do these membranes form, and what are their functions?
Ch. 29 Development and Inheritance
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew11th EditionFundamentals of Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136874089당신이 사용하는 게 아니라요?교과서 변경
28장, 문제 7
The structure(s) that allow(s) active and passive exchange between the fetal and maternal bloodstreams is/are the
(a) Yolk stalk
(b) Chorionic villi
(c) Umbilical veins
(d) Umbilical arteries
검증된 단계별 안내1
Step 1: Understand the context of the problem, which involves the exchange of substances between fetal and maternal bloodstreams during pregnancy.
Step 2: Recall that the placenta is the organ responsible for nutrient, gas, and waste exchange between mother and fetus, and it contains specialized structures to facilitate this exchange.
Step 3: Identify the specific structures within the placenta that allow for active and passive exchange. These are the chorionic villi, which are finger-like projections that increase surface area and contain fetal blood vessels surrounded by maternal blood.
Step 4: Recognize that the yolk stalk, umbilical veins, and umbilical arteries have different roles: the yolk stalk is an early embryonic structure, while the umbilical veins and arteries transport blood but do not directly mediate exchange.
Step 5: Conclude that the chorionic villi are the correct structures that allow active and passive exchange between fetal and maternal bloodstreams.

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주요 개념
질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.
Chorionic Villi
Chorionic villi are finger-like projections of the chorion that extend into the maternal uterine lining. They facilitate the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste between fetal and maternal blood through a thin barrier, enabling both active and passive transport without direct blood mixing.
추천 영상:
Placentation Example 2
Active and Passive Exchange Mechanisms
Active exchange involves energy-dependent transport of substances like ions and nutrients against concentration gradients, while passive exchange relies on diffusion or osmosis along concentration gradients. Both mechanisms are essential for efficient fetal-maternal nutrient and gas transfer.
추천 영상:
Passive vs. Active Transport
Umbilical Vessels (Veins and Arteries)
Umbilical veins carry oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus, while umbilical arteries transport deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta. These vessels serve as conduits for blood flow but do not directly mediate exchange between maternal and fetal blood.
추천 영상:
Arteries vs. Veins
관련 실천
교과서 질문
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The pre-embryo develops into a multicellular complex known as a
(a) Blastocyst
(b) Trophoblast
(c) Lacuna
(d) Blastomere
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교과서 질문
Recessive X-linked traits
(a) Are passed from fathers to their sons
(b) Are more likely to be expressed in males
(c) Always affect some aspect of the reproductive system
(d) Are never expressed in females
(e) Cannot be passed from mothers to daughters
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교과서 질문
The stage of development that follows cleavage is the
(a) Blastocyst
(b) Morula
(c) Trophoblast
(d) Blastocoele
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교과서 질문
What are the four extra-embryonic membranes?
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교과서 질문
If an allele must be present on both the maternal and paternal chromosomes to affect the phenotype, the allele is said to be
(a) Dominant
(b) Recessive
(c) Complementary
(d) Heterozygous
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