Show how ethylamine (C2H5NH2) reacts with hydrochloric acid to form an ethylammonium salt.

Ch.10 Acids and Bases

McMurry - Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry 8th Edition

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McMurry 8th Edition

Ch.10 Acids and Bases

문제 23

10장, 문제 23

Show how ethylamine (C₂H₅NH₂) reacts with hydrochloric acid to form an ethylammonium salt.

검증된 단계별 안내

Step 1: Recognize that ethylamine (C₂H₅NH₂) is a weak base due to the presence of the amine group (-NH₂), which can accept a proton (H⁺). Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a strong acid that donates a proton.

Step 2: Write the chemical equation for the reaction. Ethylamine reacts with hydrochloric acid to form ethylammonium chloride. The reaction can be represented as: C₂H₅NH₂ + HCl → C₂H₅NH₃⁺Cl⁻.

Step 3: Understand the mechanism of the reaction. The lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom in ethylamine attracts the proton (H⁺) from HCl, forming the ethylammonium ion (C₂H₅NH₃⁺). The chloride ion (Cl⁻) remains as the counterion.

Step 4: Note the product formed. The ethylammonium ion (C₂H₅NH₃⁺) is a positively charged species, and it pairs with the negatively charged chloride ion (Cl⁻) to form the ethylammonium salt (C₂H₅NH₃⁺Cl⁻).

Step 5: Verify the reaction's stoichiometry. Ensure that one mole of ethylamine reacts with one mole of hydrochloric acid to produce one mole of ethylammonium chloride, maintaining charge and mass balance.

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주요 개념

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Acid-Base Reaction

An acid-base reaction involves the transfer of protons (H⁺ ions) from an acid to a base. In this case, hydrochloric acid (HCl) acts as the acid, donating a proton to ethylamine (C₂H₅NH₂), which acts as a base due to its nitrogen atom's lone pair. This reaction results in the formation of an ethylammonium ion (C₂H₅NH₃⁺) and chloride ion (Cl⁻).

Formation of Ammonium Salts

When an amine like ethylamine reacts with an acid, it forms an ammonium salt. The ethylammonium ion produced in this reaction is a cation, while the chloride ion serves as the anion. This process is crucial in organic chemistry as it illustrates how amines can be converted into more stable, ionic forms, which are often more soluble in water.

Chemical Equation Representation

The chemical equation for the reaction between ethylamine and hydrochloric acid can be represented as C₂H₅NH₂ + HCl → C₂H₅NH₃⁺ + Cl⁻. This notation succinctly captures the reactants and products, allowing for a clear understanding of the stoichiometry involved. Visual representations, such as reaction diagrams, further aid in comprehending the molecular interactions during the reaction.