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Ch.14 Some Compounds with Oxygen, Sulfur, or a Halogen
McMurry - Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry 8th Edition
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134015187당신이 사용하는 게 아니라요?교과서 변경
모든 교과서McMurry 8th EditionCh.14 Some Compounds with Oxygen, Sulfur, or a Halogen문제 38
14장, 문제 38

Arrange the following 6-carbon compounds in order of their expected boiling points, and explain your ranking:
a. Hexane
b. 1-Hexanol
c. Dipropyl ether (CH3CH2CH2—O—CH2CH2CH3)

검증된 단계별 안내
1
Step 1: Understand the factors affecting boiling points. Boiling points are influenced by intermolecular forces, such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, and hydrogen bonding. Stronger intermolecular forces result in higher boiling points.
Step 2: Analyze the structure of hexane (C₆H₁₄). Hexane is a nonpolar molecule with only London dispersion forces acting between its molecules. These forces are relatively weak compared to other types of intermolecular forces.
Step 3: Analyze the structure of 1-hexanol (C₆H₁₃OH). 1-Hexanol contains a hydroxyl group (-OH), which allows for hydrogen bonding between its molecules. Hydrogen bonding is a strong intermolecular force, so 1-hexanol is expected to have a higher boiling point than hexane.
Step 4: Analyze the structure of dipropyl ether (CH₃CH₂CH₂—O—CH₂CH₂CH₃). Dipropyl ether contains an oxygen atom, which creates a polar bond and allows for dipole-dipole interactions. However, it does not have hydrogen bonding because there are no hydrogen atoms directly bonded to the oxygen. Its boiling point is expected to be higher than hexane but lower than 1-hexanol.
Step 5: Rank the compounds based on their boiling points. Considering the strength of intermolecular forces: 1-hexanol (hydrogen bonding) > dipropyl ether (dipole-dipole interactions) > hexane (London dispersion forces).

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주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Boiling Point

The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which its vapor pressure equals the external pressure, causing it to change from liquid to gas. Factors influencing boiling points include molecular weight, intermolecular forces, and molecular structure. Generally, stronger intermolecular forces lead to higher boiling points.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
03:05
Boiling Point Elevation Concept 1

Intermolecular Forces

Intermolecular forces are the forces of attraction or repulsion between molecules. The main types include hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole interactions, and London dispersion forces. Compounds with hydrogen bonding, like alcohols, typically have higher boiling points than those with only weaker forces, such as ethers or hydrocarbons.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
01:59
Intermolecular Forces (Simplified) Concept 1

Molecular Structure

Molecular structure refers to the arrangement of atoms within a molecule, which affects its physical properties. For example, the presence of functional groups, such as hydroxyl (-OH) in alcohols, can significantly alter boiling points compared to hydrocarbons. The branching of carbon chains also influences boiling points, with more branched structures generally having lower boiling points.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
00:34
Molecular Models Example 1
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교과서 질문

Assume that you have samples of the following two compounds, both with formula C7H8O. Both compounds dissolve in ether, but only one of the two dissolves in aqueous NaOH. How could you use this information to distinguish between them?

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교과서 질문

Draw structures corresponding to the following names:

e. 2,4-Dimethoxy-3-methylpentane

1155
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교과서 질문

Identify each alcohol named in Problem 14.32 as primary, secondary, or tertiary.

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

f.

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교과서 질문

Draw the structures of the aldehydes that might be oxidized to yield the following carboxylic acids:

c. CH3CH=CHCOOH

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교과서 질문

What type of product is formed on reaction of an alcohol with Na metal?

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교과서 질문

Draw structures corresponding to the following names:

f. 3-Methoxy-4-methyl-1-pentene

610
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