Ch. 3 - An Introduction to Organic Compounds: Nomenclature, Physical Properties, and Structure

Bruice8th EditionOrganic ChemistryISBN: 9780135213711당신이 사용하는 게 아니라요?교과서 변경

Bruice 8th Edition

Ch. 3 - An Introduction to Organic Compounds: Nomenclature, Physical Properties, and Structure

문제 67l

3장, 문제 67l

A student was given the structural formulas of several compounds and was asked to give them systematic names. How many did the student name correctly? Correct those that are misnamed.
l. 2-methyl-N,N-dimethyl-4-hexanamine

검증된 단계별 안내

Step 1: Analyze the given name '2-methyl-N,N-dimethyl-4-hexanamine' and identify the parent chain. The parent chain should be the longest continuous carbon chain containing the amine functional group (-NH2). In this case, the parent chain is hexane (6 carbons).

Step 2: Verify the substituents and their positions. The name suggests a methyl group at position 2, and two N-methyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom of the amine group. Confirm that these substituents are correctly placed on the parent chain.

Step 3: Check the position of the amine group. The amine group should be assigned the lowest possible number in the parent chain. In this case, the amine group is at position 4, as indicated in the name.

Step 4: Confirm the use of the 'N,N-' prefix. The 'N,N-' prefix is used to indicate that the substituents (methyl groups) are attached to the nitrogen atom rather than the carbon chain. Ensure this is consistent with the structure provided.

Step 5: Evaluate the overall name for correctness. If the structure matches the name '2-methyl-N,N-dimethyl-4-hexanamine,' then it is correct. If there are discrepancies, adjust the name to reflect the correct substituent positions and parent chain.

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IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method for naming organic chemical compounds. It provides rules for identifying the structure of a compound based on its molecular formula and functional groups. Understanding the hierarchy of functional groups, substituents, and the importance of the longest carbon chain is essential for correctly naming compounds.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In the context of amines, the presence of nitrogen atoms and their bonding arrangements significantly influence the naming and properties of the compound. Recognizing functional groups helps in determining the correct suffixes and prefixes in IUPAC names.

Substituent Naming

Substituents are atoms or groups of atoms that replace hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon chain. In the provided compound, '2-methyl' and 'N,N-dimethyl' are examples of substituents that must be correctly identified and named according to their position on the main carbon chain. Properly naming substituents is crucial for accurate systematic naming and understanding the compound's structure.

A student was given the structural formulas of several compounds and was asked to give them systematic names. How many did the student name correctly? Correct those that are misnamed. l. 2-methyl-N,N-dimethyl-4-hexanamine