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Bruice 8th EditionCh. 5 - Alkenes: Structure, Nomenclature, and an Introduction to Reactivity • Thermodynamics and Kinetics문제 1
What is the molecular formula for a 5-carbon hydrocarbon with one bond and one ring?
문제 2a
What is the molecular formula for each of the following?
a. a 4-carbon hydrocarbon with two bonds and no rings
문제 2(b)
Name the following:
b.
문제 2b
What is the molecular formula for each of the following?
b. a 10-carbon hydrocarbon with one bond and 2 rings
문제 4c,d
Determine the degree of unsaturation for hydrocarbons with the following molecular formulas:
c. C12H20
d. C40H56
문제 5a
Determine the degree of unsaturation and then draw possible structures for noncyclic compounds with the following molecular formulas:
a. C3H6
문제 5b
Determine the degree of unsaturation and then draw possible structures for noncyclic compounds with the following molecular formulas:
b. C3H4
문제 6a
Several studies have shown that β-carotene, a precursor of vitamin A, may play a role in preventing cancer. β-Carotene has a molecular formula of C40H56, and it contains two rings and no triple bonds. How many double bonds does it have?
문제 7a,b
What is each compound's systematic name?
a.
b.
문제 7c,d
What is each compound's systematic name?
c.
d.
문제 7e,f
What is each compound's systematic name?
e.
f.
문제 7g,h
What is each compound's systematic name?
g.
h.
문제 8a
a. How many vinylic hydrogens does cyclopentene have?
b. How many allylic hydrogens does it have?
문제 9a,b
Draw the structure for each of the following:
a. 3,3-dimethylcyclopentene
b. 6-bromo-2,3-dimethyl-2-hexene
문제 9c,d
Draw the structure for each of the following:
c. ethyl vinyl ether
d. allyl alcohol
문제 10
How many carbons are in the planar double-bond system in the following compound?
문제 11
How many carbons are in the planar double-bond system in each of the following compounds?
a.
b.
c.
문제 12a
Draw the isomers for the following compounds and then name each one:
a. 2-methyl-2,4-hexadiene
문제 12b
Draw the isomers for the following compounds and then name each one:
b. 2,4-heptadiene
문제 12c
Draw the isomers for the following compounds and then name each one:
c. 1,3-pentadiene
문제 14
Identify the nucleophile and the electrophile in the following acid–base reactions:
a.
b.
문제 15a,b
Use curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in the following reaction steps
a.
b.
문제 16a,b
For each of the reactions in Problem 15, indicate which reactant is the nucleophile and which is the electrophile.
a.
b.
문제 18b
Calculate ∆G° for the conversion of “axial” methylcyclohexane to “equatorial” methylcyclohexane at 25 °C.
문제 19
The ∆G° for conversion of “axial” fluorocyclohexane to “equatorial” fluorocyclohexane at 25 °C is -0.25kcal/mol. Calculate the percentage of fluorocyclohexane molecules that have the fluoro substituent in an equatorial position at equilibrium.
문제 20a
Calculate the percentage of isopropylcyclohexane molecules that have the isopropyl substituent in an equatorial position at equilibrium. (Its ∆G° value at 25 °C is -2.1 kcal/mol.)
문제 20b
Why is the percentage of molecules with the substituent in an equatorial position greater for isopropylcyclohexane than for fluorocyclohexane?
문제 21
a. For which reaction in each set will ∆S° be more significant?
b. For which reaction will ∆S° be positive?
1. A ⇌ B or A + B ⇌ C
2. A ⇌ B + C or A + B ⇌ C + D
문제 22
a. For a reaction with ∆H° = -12 kcal/mol and ∆S° = 0.01 kcal mol-1 K-1, calculate the ∆G° and the equilibrium constant at:
1. 30 °C and 2. 150 °C.
b. How does ∆G° change as T increases?
c. How does Keq change as T increases?
문제 24a
What alkene would you start with if you wanted to synthesize
a. pentane?
