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Problem 20.5a
How do lactobacilli limit infections in the vagina? Select all that apply. (NCLEX/HESI/TEAS)
a. They competitively exclude potential pathogens.
b. They make hydrogen peroxide.
c. They ferment fructose to make lactic acid.
d. They lower the vaginal pH, which limits pathogen growth.
e. They increase the rate of vaginal mucus secretion.
Problem 20.7a
A male patient is complaining of frothy discharge and painful urination. After negative NAAT testing, you will most likely prescribe (NCLEX/HESI/TEAS)
a. penicillin.
b. tetracycline.
c. a cephalosporin.
d. metronidazole.
Problem 20.9a
You see a corkscrew-like bacterial cell under dark field microscopy. If the sample came from __________, it is likely __________.
a. genital lesions, leptospirosis
b. urine, gonorrhea
c. urine, syphilis
d. genital lesions, syphilis
e. vaginal discharge, chlamydia
Problem 21
What BSL would an airborne pathogen that causes potentially deadly, but treatable, disease be placed into? Explain your answer.
Problem 21.1a
How are sepsis and septic shock related?
Problem 21.11a
What effect would AIDS have on latent coinfections?
a. None at all.
b. Latent infections may become reactivated.
c. Latent infections would turn into asymptomatic infections.
d. Opportunistic pathogens could easily be reactivated.
e. Latent infections would turn into opportunistic infections.
Problem 21.12a
A reverse transcriptase antiviral medication is administered for human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV)–infected patients.
a. True
b. False
Problem 21.13a
Why is endocarditis not transmissible from person to person?
Problem 21.14a
Identify the zoonotic disease:
a. HTLV lymphoma
b. Systemic candidiasis
c. Mucormycosis
d. Plague
e. Endocarditis
Problem 21.16a
How does draining standing water reduce the incidence of malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, Zika, and chikungunya?
Problem 21.17a
Which Plasmodium life stage infects the liver?
a. Sporozoite
b. Merozoite
c. Gametocyte
d. Sexual stage
e. Vector stage
Problem 21.2a
First label the following diseases as bacterial, viral, or protozoan, and then indicate which ones are vectorborne infections: dengue fever, AIDS, chikungunya, Lyme disease, malaria.
Problem 21.3a
Which of the following microbes is most commonly associated with sepsis in immune-compromised individuals?
a. Borrelia burgdorferi
b. Human immunodeficiency virus
c. Zika virus
d. Candida albicans
e. Epstein-Barr virus
Problem 21.5a
What virus is responsible for mononucleosis and Burkitt’s lymphoma?
a. Dengue virus
b. Yellow fever virus
c. Human immunodeficiency virus
d. Plasmodium falciparum
e. Epstein-Barr virus
Problem 21.6a
A patient in the United States presents with symptoms of fever, chills, nausea, and a rash. Which of the following questions would provide a clue as to whether dengue fever, chikungungya, or Zika should be included in the differential diagnosis? (NCLEX/HESI/TEAS)
a. Have you recently traveled anywhere?
b. Has your sexual partner exhibited these symptoms recently?
c. Do you live near woods?
d. Have you been hiking lately?
e. Do you use intravenous drugs?
Problem 21.7a
A tourniquet test can be used to identify which disease?
a. Dengue fever
b. Zika
c. HTLV
d. Lyme disease
e. Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Problem 21.8a
Name two similarities between Ebola and Marburg infections.
Problem 21.9a
How is Lassa different from Ebola and Marburg, aside from being caused by a different virus?