Back
Problem 18.6a
During a lumbar puncture procedure, the nurse observed that the patient’s CSF pressure was high. However, when the analysis of the CSF sample comes back, the glucose levels are normal. The nurse would most likely suspect:
a. arboviral meningitis.
b. Neisseria meningitidis.
c. Listeria monocytogenes.
d. poliovirus.
Problem 18.7a
A vaccine against Listeria monocytogenes is a challenge to develop because
a. very few people get Listeria meningitis.
b. the antibody-mediated immune response is not effective against L. monocytogenes.
c. better prevention approaches exist, such as food preparation precautions.
d. vaccinations are not used for foodborne illness.
Problem 18.8a
Tetanospasmin and botulinum toxins affect muscles by
a. blocking the action potential traveling from the CNS to the PNS.
b. allowing the bacteria to enter neurons.
c. blocking the relaxation or contraction of the muscles.
d. damaging the axon itself.
Problem 18.9a
A patient who has just immigrated to the United States after serving in the Iraqi army is displaying a bruiselike rash, headache, and sensitivity to light. The doctor will immediately recommend administration of
a. ceftriaxone.
b. penicillin.
c. gentamycin.
d. rifampicin.
Problem 19.10a
True or False: Clostridioides difficile cases are usually associated with a prior antibiotic therapy.
Problem 19.11a
What is the main symptom of Vibrio cholerae infection and how is this infection best treated?
Problem 19.12a
Why does dietary sugar increase the risk for developing dental caries?
Problem 19.13a
What animals generally serve as the source of Escherichia coli O157:H7 for human infection?
Problem 19.14a
A father suspects his son has intestinal worms due to his complaint of an itchy bottom. What habit is most likely responsible for his infection?
a. Walking outside barefoot
b. Eating without first washing hands
c. Eating fruit that is not washed
d. Eating undercooked meat
e. Swimming in a nearby freshwater lake
Problem 19.15a
Using the following list, construct a concept map or a chart connecting these terms according to the pathogen and correlated disease: fecal–oral, diarrhea, rotavirus, Campylobacter jejuni, bacterial, viral, foodborne transmission, antibiotics, vaccine.
Problem 19.16a
List the symptoms associated with the various stages of Schistosomiasis.
Problem 19.17a
True or False: Giardia infections in the United States are all imported from other countries.
Problem 19.19a
A lower endoscopy examination of a patient complaining of abdominal cramps and diarrhea reveals pus-laden patches along the intestinal wall. Which of the following infectious agents could be considered the pathogen responsible for this condition?
a. Clostridioides difficile
b. Shigella
c. Salmonella serotype Typhi
d. Helicobacter pylori
e. Campylobacter jejuni
Problem 19.2a
Which of the following can occur even if the infectious agent is killed by the time it enters the host?
a. Salmonellosis
b. Cholera
c. Giardiasis
d. Food poisoning
e. Mumps
Problem 19.21a
Which of the following is most controversial for a nonseptic patient with E. coli O157:H7? (NCLEX/HESI/TEAS)
a. Administering oral rehydration therapy
b. Administering antibiotic therapy
c. Administering fever-reducing medications
d. Administering intravenous rehydration therapy
e. Withholding agents like diphenoxylate-atropine that reduce GI tract motility
Problem 19.3a
Which one of the following measures is the most effective way to prevent viral infections of the digestive system?
a. Antibiotics
b. Thoroughly cooking food
c. Decontaminating water
d. Washing hands
e. Disinfecting bathroom surfaces
Problem 19.4a
How would an upper endoscopy help diagnose a Helicobacter pylori infection?
Problem 19.5a
Undercooked poultry is commonly a source of infection caused by ____________ bacteria or by ____________ bacteria.
Problem 19.6a
Match the preventative measure to the infectious agent it can help limit:
Problem 19.7a
Name two ways Shigella can avoid host immune response.
Problem 19.8a
Which of the following pathogens are not associated with foodborne infections?
a. Salmonella
b. Shigella
c. Campylobacter jejuni
d. Bacillus cereus
e. Escherichia coli
Problem 19.9a
Describe one way to prevent hookworm infection by N. americanus.
Problem 20
Place the following steps for infection in order from first to last:
- Invade tissues and obtain nutrients
- Adhere to host tissues
- Enter the host
- Exit the host
- Evade immune defenses
Problem 20.1a
Which of the following does not fall into our current definition of TORCH infections?
a. Syphilis
b. Trichomoniasis
c. HIV
d. Rubella
e. Cytomegalovirus
Problem 20.10a
Patients can contract chlamydia more than once because
a. it is so commonly antibiotic resistant.
b. long-term immunity is not established after infection.
c. it hides in neurons and reactivates, lysing cells.
d. it is sexually transmitted.
e. all of the above apply.
Problem 20.11a
Indicate if the statement is true or false and then correct each false statement so that it is true.
a. Sexually transmitted infections always affect the reproductive tract.
b. CAUTIs are usually classified as uncomplicated UTIs.
c. Candida species are the leading cause of uncomplicated UTIs.
d. Syphilis can be vertically transmitted from a mother to her fetus.
e. Herpes simplex virus 2 can be transmitted to a partner without intercourse.
Problem 20.12a
Match the following terms to their definition. Some terms may be matched to more than one definition and some definitions may not be used.
<IMAGE>
Problem 20.2a
Factors that contribute to vulvovaginal candidiasis include
a. low vaginal pH.
b. high nitrates in urine.
c. increased blood bilirubin levels.
d. increased estrogen levels.
e. taking a fluconazole drug.
Problem 20.3a
A patient you are assessing reports an increase in vaginal discharge that has a foul odor, but she does not report other symptoms. The patient has been in a monogamous relationship for 3 years. Which of the following would be the most useful for this patient? Select all that apply. (NCLEX/HESI/TEAS)
a. Evaluate her urine for increased white blood cells.
b. Perform a Gram stain on the vaginal discharge.
c. Run a pregnancy test.
d. Test for an STI.
e. Perform a whiff test.
Problem 20.3a
A patient you are assessing reports an increase in vaginal discharge that has a foul odor, but she does not report other symptoms. The patient has been in a monogamous relationship for 3 years. Which of the following would be the most useful for this patient? Select all that apply. (NCLEX/HESI/TEAS)
a. Evaluate her urine for increased white blood cells.
b. Perform a Gram stain on the vaginal discharge.
c. Run a pregnancy test.
d. Test for an STI.
e. Perform a whiff test.
