Research often shows that at equal calorie levels, which macronutrient combination increases satiety most and why?

• A. Simple carbohydrates provide the greatest satiety per calorie because they raise blood glucose sharply and cause sustained suppression of hunger signals.
• B. Higher fat alone increases satiety most because fat is rapidly absorbed and immediately activates hypothalamic receptors to suppress appetite long term.
• C. Higher protein combined with higher fiber increases satiety most because protein affects satiety hormones and fiber increases gastric volume and delays gastric emptying.
• D. Alcohol-containing meals promote the highest satiety because alcohol is calorically dense and acts on the satiety center to reduce intake after a single drink.

Answer: (C)