A 45-year-old female has measured body fat of 32%. Based on the typical ranges given in this lesson, which of the following is the best interpretation?

• A. A body fat of 32% for a 45-year-old female is unusually low and indicates undernutrition or cachexia
• B. Body fat percentage alone cannot be used to assess risk, so this value has no clinical meaning and should be ignored in favor of BMI only
• C. Her body fat is slightly above the typical healthy range (10–30%) for females, which indicates increased risk for weight-related chronic disease and warrants assessment of other risk factors
• D. Her body fat is within a healthy range for females, and no additional risk assessment is warranted unless BMI > 35

Answer: (C)