An individual with obesity (BMI 38) has very thick subcutaneous folds. Which field method is likely to be least accurate in estimating percent body fat and why?

• A. BIA will be least accurate because it is impossible to use on anyone with BMI over 35 and the device always fails electrically beyond that body size
• B. Waist circumference will be least accurate because it directly measures percent body fat and is not influenced by distribution
• C. Skinfold calipers are likely least accurate because very thick folds are difficult to grasp and the standard prediction equations were developed in less obese populations
• D. DXA will be least accurate since it cannot differentiate fat from lean tissue in individuals with obesity

Answer: (C)