A 52-year-old woman has a waist circumference of 36 inches. What does this indicate regarding central obesity-related risk?

• A. Waist circumference below 40 inches indicates low risk for men and women alike, so this measurement is normal
• B. This reading implies low visceral fat because waist circumference primarily measures subcutaneous fat under the skin
• C. Only BMI is predictive of disease risk, so waist circumference of 36 inches is irrelevant without BMI >30
• D. Her waist exceeds the ~35-inch threshold for women and therefore indicates elevated central obesity-related disease risk

Answer: (D)