A regional nutrition program has limited budget. Compare the likely population-level impacts of two options: (A) distributing low-cost energy-dense but low-protein food (high caloric porridge) versus (B) distributing smaller quantities of fortified food higher in protein and micronutrients. Which is more likely to reduce both wasting and edema and why?

• A. Option A is superior because sheer calorie quantity always resolves both wasting and edema faster than any protein or micronutrient content, making large volumes of low-protein porridge the best prevention strategy.
• B. Option B (smaller quantities of fortified, higher-protein food) is more likely to reduce both wasting and edema because it directly supplies limiting amino acids and micronutrients needed for plasma protein synthesis and growth, whereas energy-dense low-protein porridge may improve weight temporarily but not prevent protein-deficiency complications like edema.
• C. Both options are equivalent because neither calories nor protein influence clinical signs of PEM—only deworming programs affect wasting and edema rates.
• D. Option A is preferable because fortified foods with protein increase the risk of foodborne illness in children, whereas plain porridge is sterile and safer for distribution.

Answer: (B)