For the following acid–base pairs,
(i) complete the reaction;
(ii) identify the acid (A), base (B), conjugate acid (CA), and conjugate base (CB);
(e)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Write the general reaction for an acid-base pair. An acid donates a proton (H⁺), and a base accepts a proton. Use the given acid-base pair to predict the products of the reaction. Represent the acid as HA and the base as B⁻, and show the transfer of the proton.
2. Step 2: Complete the reaction by identifying the conjugate acid and conjugate base. The acid (HA) loses a proton to form its conjugate base (A⁻), and the base (B⁻) gains a proton to form its conjugate acid (HB). Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction.
3. Step 3: Label the species in the reaction. Identify the acid (A) and base (B) on the reactant side, and the conjugate acid (CA) and conjugate base (CB) on the product side. Use the Bronsted-Lowry definition of acids and bases to make these identifications.
4. Step 4: Verify the reaction by checking the charges and the conservation of mass. Ensure that the total charge and the number of atoms are balanced on both sides of the equation.
5. Step 5: Review the reaction mechanism conceptually. Understand that the acid donates a proton to the base, forming the conjugate acid and conjugate base. This is a fundamental concept in acid-base chemistry and is key to solving similar problems in the future.

Key Concepts

Acid-Base Theory

Acid-base theory explains the behavior of acids and bases in chemical reactions. According to the Brønsted-Lowry theory, an acid is a proton donor, while a base is a proton acceptor. This framework helps in understanding how substances interact in acid-base reactions, allowing for the identification of reactants and products in a given reaction.

Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs

Conjugate acid-base pairs consist of two species that differ by the presence of a proton (H+). When an acid donates a proton, it forms its conjugate base, while the base that accepts the proton becomes its conjugate acid. Recognizing these pairs is essential for analyzing acid-base reactions and predicting the direction of equilibrium.

Reaction Completion

Completing an acid-base reaction involves writing the products formed when an acid reacts with a base. This typically results in the formation of a conjugate acid and a conjugate base. Understanding the stoichiometry and the nature of the reactants is crucial for accurately predicting the products and balancing the chemical equation.