Organic Chemistry Reactions quiz #8 Flashcards
Organic Chemistry Reactions quiz #8
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Which of the following is correct regarding double fertilization? Double fertilization involves one sperm fertilizing the egg and another sperm fertilizing the central cell to form endosperm. Which of the following is an enzyme that breaks down starch? Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down starch. Which of the following events causes recombination between linked genes to occur? Crossing over during meiosis causes recombination between linked genes. Which staining process relies on the use of two stains? The Gram stain relies on the use of two stains: crystal violet and safranin. Which step in this process requires use of restriction enzymes? The step involving cutting DNA at specific sequences requires the use of restriction enzymes. Positive and negative control samples are used with tests that yield what kind of results? Positive and negative control samples are used with tests that yield qualitative results. What is the role of water in noncyclic photophosphorylation? Water provides electrons and protons, and releases oxygen as a byproduct in noncyclic photophosphorylation. The Kirby-Bauer technique is not recommended for which bacterium? The Kirby-Bauer technique is not recommended for anaerobic bacteria. Which of the following is a type of natural selection for a polygenic trait? Stabilizing selection is a type of natural selection for a polygenic trait. What is the last stage of the lytic cycle? The last stage of the lytic cycle is the lysis of the host cell, releasing new viral particles. Which of the following will slow down photosynthesis? Low light intensity will slow down photosynthesis. What kind of a reaction occurs when the nitrogenase converts N2 into NH3? A reduction reaction occurs when nitrogenase converts N2 into NH3. How is NADPH formed in PSI? NADPH is formed in PSI when electrons are transferred to NADP+ at the end of the electron transport chain. Which of the following is not a mode of action of antiviral drugs? Inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis is not a mode of action of antiviral drugs. What are the four major types of reactions in organic chemistry? The four major types of reactions in organic chemistry are acid-base, substitution, elimination, and addition reactions. Which type of reaction involves the combination of two molecules to form a larger molecule? A synthesis reaction involves the combination of two molecules to form a larger molecule. Which aromatic ring is alkylated most rapidly in a Friedel-Crafts alkylation? Aromatic rings with electron-donating groups are alkylated most rapidly in Friedel-Crafts alkylation reactions. What are the defining characteristics of a condensation reaction? A condensation reaction involves the combination of two molecules with the loss of a small molecule, often water. In which type of organic reaction would chlorine be a better halogen reagent than bromine? Chlorine is often a better choice than bromine in free-radical halogenation reactions due to its higher reactivity. What type of reaction is the decomposition of sucrose into carbon and water? The decomposition of sucrose into carbon and water is an example of an elimination reaction. What is the major organic product obtained from a sequence of reactions? The major organic product from a sequence of reactions is determined by the specific transformations and the stability of the final product. What reagents are necessary to perform a substitution reaction? A substitution reaction typically requires a nucleophile and a suitable leaving group on the substrate. What is a missing reactant in an organic reaction? A missing reactant is a compound required to complete the reaction, often a nucleophile, electrophile, or catalyst depending on the reaction type. What is the expected major product for an organic reaction? The expected major product is the most stable product formed according to the reaction mechanism. How do you identify the major organic product obtained from a reaction? Identify the major organic product by analyzing the reaction type and the stability of possible products. Which compound is hydrolyzed most slowly in aqueous sodium hydroxide? Compounds with less reactive leaving groups or more steric hindrance are hydrolyzed more slowly in aqueous sodium hydroxide. Which set of reagents would afford a desired organic product? The set of reagents that matches the required reaction mechanism and functional group transformation will afford the desired product. What is the purpose of a drying agent in the workup of an organic reaction? A drying agent is used to remove water from the organic phase after a reaction. How do you determine the major organic product obtained for a reaction? Determine the major product by analyzing the reaction type and the stability of the products. How do you identify the major product for a given reaction? Identify the major product by considering the reaction mechanism and the stability of the products. What is the major product of an E2 elimination reaction? The major product of an E2 elimination is typically the more substituted alkene, following Zaitsev's rule. What is the next step after drying an organic solution? After drying, the organic solution is typically filtered to remove the drying agent and then concentrated. What are the major products of a typical organic reaction? Major products are those favored by the reaction mechanism and conditions. Which reagent is best to achieve a given transformation in organic chemistry? The best reagent is one that efficiently promotes the desired reaction mechanism. What is the major organic product obtained from the reaction of an alkene with HBr? The major product is the alkyl bromide formed by Markovnikov addition of HBr to the alkene. What is the major organic product of a typical organic reaction? The major organic product is the most stable compound formed according to the reaction mechanism. Which compounds might be expected to react with sodium amide (NaNH2)? Compounds with acidic hydrogens, such as terminal alkynes, react with sodium amide. What is the major organic product obtained from a series of reactions? The major organic product is the compound formed after all steps, typically the most stable product. Why can't pure bromine be used in free-radical reactions with alkenes? Pure bromine is less reactive and selective in free-radical reactions compared to other halogens like chlorine. How do chemical hair relaxers work? Chemical hair relaxers break disulfide bonds in hair proteins, altering the hair's structure.
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