IP Multicast: Cisco IP Multicast Networking, Volume 1, 1st edition
Published by Cisco Press (October 12, 2016) © 2017
- Josh Loveless
- Raymond Blair
- Arvind Durai
- A print text (hardcover or paperback)Â
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- Also available for purchase as an ebook from all major ebook resellers, including InformIT.com
IP Multicast Volume I: Cisco IP Multicast Networking
Design, deploy, and operate modern Cisco IP multicast networks
IP Multicast, Volume I thoroughly covers basic IP multicast principles and routing techniques for building and operating enterprise and service provider networks to support applications ranging from videoconferencing to data replication.
After briefly reviewing data communication in IP networks, the authors thoroughly explain network access, Layer 2 and Layer 3 multicast, and protocol independent multicast (PIM). Building on these essentials, they introduce multicast scoping, explain IPv6 multicast, and offer practical guidance for IP multicast design, operation, and troubleshooting. Key concepts and techniques are illuminated through real-world network examples and detailed diagrams.
Reflecting extensive experience working with Cisco customers, the authors offer pragmatic discussions of common features, design approaches, deployment models, and field practices. You’ll find everything from specific commands to start-to-finish methodologies: all you need to deliver and optimize any IP multicast solution.
IP Multicast, Volume I is a valuable resource for network engineers, architects, operations technicians, consultants, security professionals, and collaboration specialists. Network managers and administrators will find the implementation case study and feature explanations especially useful.
·        Review IP multicasting applications and what makes multicast unique
·        Understand IP multicast at the access layer, from layered encapsulation to switching multicast frames
·        Work with Layer 2 switching domains, IPv4 group addresses, and MAC address maps
·        Utilize Layer 3 multicast hosts and understand each PIM mode
·        Implement basic forwarding trees and rendezvous points
·        Compare multicast forwarding modes: ASM, SSM, and PIM Bidir
·        Plan and properly scope basic multicast networks
·        Choose your best approach to forwarding replication
·        Apply best practices for security and resiliency
·        Understand unique IPv6 deployment issues
·        Efficiently administer and troubleshoot your IP multicast network
This book is part of the Networking Technology Series from Cisco Press®, which offers networking professionals valuable information for constructing efficient networks, understanding new technologies, and building successful careers.
Category: Networking
Covers: IP Multicast
Introduction xv
Chapter 1 Introduction to IP Multicast 1
What Problem Does Multicast Solve? 3
Multicast Applications and Services 5
   One-to-Many Multicast Applications 5
   Many-to-Many Multicast Applications 6
   Many-to-One Multicast Applications 7
Multicast Packet 8
   What Is a Source? 9
   What Is a Receiver? 10
L3 Multicast Is Built on the TCP/IP Protocol Stack 10
   It’s a Group Thing 11
   IPv4 Layer 3 Multicast Addressing Defines Groups 13
   IPv4 Multicast Group Address Assignments 14
Important Multicast Groups and Group Considerations 16
   IPv4 Local Network Control 16
   IPv4 Inter-Network Control 18
The History of Multicast 19
   The MBone 20
   Native Internet Multicast 20
   IPv6 Multicast 20
   Multicast Development and Standardization 21
Summary 21
Chapter 2 Network Access and Layer 2 Multicast 23
Layered Encapsulation 23
MAC Address Mapping 26
Switching Multicast Frames 28
Group Subscription 29
IGMP on the Gateway Router 30
IGMP Versions 31
   IGMPv1 31
   IGMPv2 32
   IGMPv3 35
Configuring IGMP on a Router 37
Mixed Groups: Interoperability Between IGMPv1, v2, and v3 38
Layer 2 Group Management 38
   Cisco Group Management Protocol 38
       The CGMP Leave Process 39
   Router-Port Group Management Protocol 39
Snooping 40
   IGMP Snooping 40
   Maintaining Group Membership 44
   Configuring IP IGMP Snooping 44
The Process of Packet Replication in a Switch 45
Protecting Layer 2 47
   Storm Control 47
Summary 49
References 49
Chapter 3 IP Multicast at Layer 3 51
Multicast Hosts 52
   Networked Groups: Client/Server 52
   Network Hosts 53
Multicast Routing: An Introduction to Protocol Independent Multicast and Multicast Trees 54
   Seeing the Forest Through the Trees 55
       What Is a Network Tree? 55
   Concepts of PIM Group States 57
       The (*,G) State Entry 58
       The (S,G) State Entry 60
       Reverse Path Forwarding 61
   Two Types of Trees 63
       Source Trees (Shortest Path Trees) 64
       Shared Trees 66
       Branches on a Tree 68
   PIM Neighbors 68
       Designated Routers 69
   PIM Messages: Join, Leave, Prune, Graft, and Assert 72
       Join 75
       Leave and Prune 75
       Graft 75
       Assert 75
PIM Modes 76
   PIM Dense-Mode 76
   PIM Sparse-Mode 77
   PIM Sparse-Dense Mode 80
   Multicast Flow at the Leaf 81
       Leaving an IGMP Group 85
   The Rendezvous Point and Shared Tree Dynamics 87
       From a Shared Tree to a Source Tree 94
   Building the Multicast Routing Information Base 101
       Multicast Routing Information Base and Multicast Forwarding Information Base 102
   PIM-BiDir 104
   PIM-SSM 110
Summary 119
Chapter 4 Protocol Independent Multicast 121
RP Overview 121
IP Multicast Domains 124
Basic PIM Configuration 128
   Static RP 129
       PIM Dense Mode 132
Dynamic RP Information Propagation 134
   Auto RP 135
       Sample Configuration: Auto-RP for IOS 137
       Sample Configuration: Auto-RP for IOS-XR 139
       Sample Configuration: Auto-RP for NX-OS 141
   BSR 143
       Sample Configuration: BSR in IOS 145
       Sample Configuration: BSR in IOS-XR 146
       Sample Configuration: BSR in NX-OS 148
Anycast RP 149
   Multicast Source Discovery Protocol 150
   PIM Anycast RP 151
       Sample Configuration: Anycast RP with MSDP on IOS 153
       Sample Configuration: Anycast with MSDP on IOS-XR 155
       Sample Configuration: Anycast on NX-OS 158
   Phantom RP 160
       Sample Configuration–Phantom RP on IOS 161
PIM SSM Configuration 162
Summary 164
Chapter 5 IP Multicast Design Considerations and Implementation 167
Multicast Group Scoping 167
   Organizational and Global Group Assignment Considerations 168
   IPv4 Considerations 170
Using Group Scoping for Hybrid Designs and RP Placement 173
   Multicast RP Design with MSDP Mesh Group 178
   Multicast RP Hybrid Design with Scoped Multicast Domains 181
   RP Placement 186
Multicast Traffic Engineering and Forwarding 186
   More on mRIB, mFIB, and RPF Checks 188
   Traffic Engineering Using IP Multipath Feature 197
   Multicast Traffic Engineering: Deterministic Path Selection 201
IP Multicast Best Practices and Security 209
   Before Enabling PIM 209
   General Best Practices 210
       Tuning the Network for Multicast 211
       Manually Selecting Designated Routers 212
   Basic Multicast Security 216
       Protecting Multicast Control-plane and Data-plane Resources 216
   Securing Multicast Domains with Boundaries and Borders 218
   Protecting Multicast RPs 225
   Best Practice and Security Summary 226
Putting It All Together 228
   Scenario: Multicaster’s Bank Corp. Media Services 228
Summary 238
Chapter 6 IPv6 Multicast Networks 239
IPv6 Fundamentals: A Quick Overview 239
IPv6 Layer 3 Multicast Group Addressing 242
   IPv6 Multicast Group Address Assignments 245
   IANA Unicast-Prefix—Based Multicast Address 247
   IPv6 Source-Specific Addressing 248
   Solicited-Node Multicast Addresses 249
   IPv6 Address Scoping and Schema Considerations 249
   Multicast-IPv6-Address-to-MAC-Address Mapping 250
IPv6 Layer 2 and Layer 3 Multicast 250
   Multicast Listener Discovery for IPv6 251
       MLDv1 251
       MLDv2 253
       Configuring MLD and the MLD Message Process 253
       Multicast Listener Discovery Joining a Group and Forwarding Traffic 255
       Leaving a MLD Group 258
       Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) Snooping 258
       Configuring MLD Snooping 259
   IPv6 Layer 3 Multicast and Protocol Independent Multicast 6 (PIM6) 261
       PIM6 Static mroute Entries 268
       PIM6 Group Modes 269
Summary 282
Chapter 7 Operating and Troubleshooting IP Multicast Networks 283
Multicast Troubleshooting Logic 283
Multicast Troubleshooting Methodology 283
   Baseline Check: Source and Receiver Verification 287
   State Verification 293
       RP Control-Plane Check 294
       Hop-by-Hop State Validation 299
Overview of Common Tools for Multicast Troubleshooting 303
   Ping Test 303
   SLA Test 304
   Common Multicast Debug Commands 307
       debug ip mpacket Command 307
       debug ip pim Command 307
       debug ip igmp Command 308
Multicast Troubleshooting 309
   Multicast Troubleshooting Case Study 310
       Baseline Check: Source and Receiver Verification 312
Important Multicast show Commands 326
   show ip igmp group Command 326
   show ip igmp interface/show igmp interface Commands 326
   show ip mroute/show mrib route Command 328
   show ip pim interface/show pim interface Commands 330
   show ip pim neighbor/show pim neighbor Commands 330
   show ip pim rp Command 331
   show ip pim rp mapping/show pim rp mapping Commands 332
Summary 333
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Josh Loveless, CCIE No. 16638, is a customer solutions architect for Cisco Systems. He has been with Cisco for four years, providing architecture and support services for Tier 1 service providers as well as for many of Cisco’s largest enterprise customers, specializing in large-scale routing and switching designs. Currently, Josh is helping Cisco’s customers in the defense and intelligence industries meet the challenges of an ever-changing technology landscape, designing secure automated networks with advanced capabilities, including IP multicast. Prior to joining Cisco, he spent 15 years working for large service providers and enterprises as both an engineer and an architect, as well as providing training and architecture services to some of Cisco’s trusted partners. Josh maintains two CCIE certifications, Routing and Switching and Service Provider.
Ray Blair, CCIE No. 7050, is a distinguished systems engineer and has been with Cisco Systems since 1999. He uses his years of experience to align technology solutions with business needs, insuring customer success. Ray started his career in 1988, designing industrial monitoring and communication systems. Since that time, he has been involved with server/database administration and the design, implementation, and management of networks that included networking technologies from ATM to ZMODEM. He maintains three CCIE certifications in Routing and Switching, Security, and Service Provider (No. 7050), is also a Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP), and a Certified Business Architect (No. 00298). Ray is coauthor of two Cisco Press books, Cisco Secure Firewall Services Module and Tcl Scripting for Cisco IOS. He speaks at many industry events and is a Cisco Live distinguished speaker.
Arvind Durai, CCIE No. 7016, is a director of solution integration for Cisco Advanced Services. His primary responsibility in the past 17 years has been in supporting major Cisco customers in the enterprise sector, including financial, retail, manufacturing, ecommerce, state government, utility (smart grid networks), and healthcare sectors. Some of his focuses have been on security, multicast, network virtualization, and data center, and he has authored several white papers and design guides on various technologies. He has been involved in multicast designs for several enterprise customers in different verticals. He is also one of the contributors in providing the framework for Advanced Services Multicast Audit tool that helps customers assess their operational multicast network to Industry best practices.
Arvind maintains two CCIE certifications: Routing and Switching and Security and also is a Certified Business Architect. He holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Electronics and Communication, a Master’s degree in Electrical Engineering (MS), and a Master’s degree in Business Administration (MBA). He is a coauthor of three Cisco Press books: Cisco Secure Firewall Services Module, Virtual Routing in the Cloud, and TcL Scripting for Cisco IOS. He has coauthored IEEE WAN smart grid architecture and presented in many industry forums, such as IEEE and Cisco Live.
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