In This Section:
I) Brief Table of Contents
II) Detailed Table of Contents
I) Brief Table of Contents
Chapter 1. The Field of Demography
Chapter 2. The Field of Demography
Chapter 3. Sources of Demographic Data
Chapter 4. Mortality Patterns in the Modern Era
Chapter 5. History and Context of Mortality Differentials and Mortality Decline
Chapter 6. Mortality Decline in the Less Developed Region
Chapter 7. Mortality Issues in the More Developed Region
Chapter 8. Fertility Patterns in the Modern Era
Chapter 9. Theory and Practice of Fertility Decline in Historical Europe and in the Less Developed Region
Chapter 10. Fertility in the More Developed Region
Chapter 11. Age and Sex Structure and Population Projections
Chapter 12. Migration and Urbanization
II) Detailed Table of Contents
Chapter 1. The Field of Demography
Overview
The Study of Demography
Uses of Demography
Demographic Perspectives
Major Population Phenomena and Related Theories and Frameworks
The Influence of History, Anthropology, Psychology, Political Science, and Statistics on Population Thinking
Demography as a Field
Demographic Patterns, Development, and Social Change
Concluding Comments
Chapter 2. The Field of Demography
Overview
World Population Growth
Characteristics of World Regions and of the Ten Most Populous Countries
Consequences of Population Size
The Population Balancing Equation and Components of Population Growth
World Population Aging
World Population Policy Concerns
Chapter 3. Sources of Demographic Data
Overview
Demographic Data Sources: Briefly Considered
Combining of Census and Vital Registration Data to Calculate Rates
Population Censuses: Considerations and Problems
Registration of Vital Events: Considerations and Problems
Population Registers: Considerations and Problems
Sample Surveys
Historical Sources
Administrative Data
Assumptions and Accuracy of Estimates: UNAIDS Revision of HIV Prevalence Estimate for India in 2007
Collection of Data about Race and Ethnicity
Data Collection, Development Level, and Precision of Knowledge
Timeliness of Available Demographic Data
Ethical Issues in Demographic Data Collection
Chapter 4. Mortality Patterns in the Modern Era
Overview
Overall Mortality Trends—The Infant Mortality Rate and Expectation of Life at Birth
Mortality Trends by Region of Africa
Mortality Trends by Region of Europe
Mortality Indicators in the World’s Ten Most Populous Countries in 2010
Trends in the Infant Mortality Rate and Expectation of Life at Birth in Selected Countries
Typical Mortality Patterns
Rectangularization of Mortality: The Example of Sweden
Age-Adjusted Death Rates
The Life Table
The Effects of HIV on Mortality by Age and Sex
Life Table Patterns in India, the United States, Japan, and Botswana in 2009
Life Table Values Related to Fertility and Old-Age Support for the Ten Largest Countries in 2010
Sex Differences in Mortality by Age: The United States, Russia, and India
Sex Ratios by Age
Sex Differentials in Infant and Child Mortality
What Is the Limit of the Human Life Span?
Female Life Table Patterns with e00 from 25 to 100 Years
The Concept of a Cohort
Real Cohorts and Synthetic Cohorts
Chapter 5. History and Context of Mortality Differentials and Mortality Decline
Overview
The Epidemiologic Transition
Historical Mortality Decline
More Consideration of Causes of Death and Disability
Chapter 6. Mortality Decline in the Less Developed Region
Overview
Factors Related to Decline from High Mortality to Moderate Mortality in the Less Developed Region
Chapter 7. Mortality Issues in the More Developed Region
Overview
Most Important Public Health Achievements in the United States in the Twentieth Century
Old Age Mortality Trends in the United States, France, and Japan
Mortality from Natural Causes and from External Causes by Sex: United States, 2005
Chapter 8. Fertility Patterns in the Modern Era
Overview
The General Fertility Rate, the Child–Woman Ratio, and the Total Fertility Rate
The Sex Ratio at Birth
The Gross Reproduction Rate
The Net Reproduction Rate
Calculation of the Net Reproduction Rate
Fertility and Fertility Change in the Ten Most Populous Countries: From 1950–1955 to 2005–2010
The Growth Rate Resulting from Combinations of Expectation of Life at Birth and the Total Fertility Rate
The Net Reproduction Rate Resulting from Combinations of Expectation of Life at Birth and the Total Fertility Rate
Highest Total Fertility Rate and Highest Net Reproduction Rate Countries: 2005–2010
Cohort Fertility
Period and Cohort Total Fertility Rates in the United States:
The Great Depression and the Baby Boom
Population Dynamics and Crisis in Rwanda
The Female Reproductive Period
Fertility and Fecundity
Birth Intervals
Proximate Determinants of Fertility
Marriage and Marital Fertility
Changes in the Age Pattern of First Marriage
Natural Fertility and Controlled Fertility
Age Patterns of Natural and Controlled Fertility
The Contribution of Changes in Marriage Age and Fertility Control to the Shape of the Fertility Schedule
Shifts in the Age Pattern of Fertility in Highly Developed, Low-Fertility Settings
Chapter 9. Theory and Practice of Fertility Decline in Historical
Europe and in the Less Developed Region
Overview
Fertility Change in Historical Europe
Coale’s Preconditions for Fertility Limitation
Age at Marriage in Less Developed Countries
Theories of Decline from High to Moderate or Low Fertility
Some Reasons for the Persistence of High Fertility
KAP Surveys, Fertility Intentions, and Wantedness of Children
The Family-Planning Program in Taiwan: An Early Success Story
Education of Women and the Fertility Transition
Development of Contraceptive Methods
Contraceptive Use
Unmet Need for Family Planning
Linking Adoption of Contraception to Other Contacts with the Health Care System
The Difference between Mortality Policy and Fertility Policy
Shifts in Fertility Policy
Controversies about the Roles of Development and Family-Planning Programs in Fertility Decline in Less Developed Countries
Fertility Cannot Be Lowered and Raised Instantly like Turning a Water Tap Off or On: The Case of Singapore
Changes in Fertility in Pairs of Less Developed Countries
Unwanted Pregnancies, Unwanted Children, and Abortion
Chapter 10. Fertility in the More Developed Region
Overview
Contraceptive Use and Abortion in More Developed Countries
Theories of Fertility Decline from Low to Very Low Fertility
Changes in Aspects of Fertility in Low-Fertility Countries
Marriage, Cohabitation, and Fertility Changes in the United States
Examples of Policy Efforts to Raise Fertility
Changes in Fertility in Pairs of More Developed Countries
Chapter 11. Age and Sex Structure and Population Projections
Overview
Median Age
Young, Working Age, and Older Populations
Population Pyramids for Actual Populations
Population Projections
Population Projections for the World, Italy, the United States, China, and Mali
The Actual Growth Rate, the Intrinsic Growth Rate, and Population Momentum
Chapter 12. Migration and Urbanization
Overview
Defining Migration
Measuring Migration
Migration Theories
Movers and Stayers
Migration and Mortality
Migration and Climate Change
Migration and Fertility
Internal Migrants
Government Policies and Views about Internal Migration
Involuntary Internal Moves and Restrictions on Internal Migration
Family Migration Decisions in the United States
Patterns of U.S. Interregional Migration
International Migrants
Government Policies about International Migration
Immigration to the United States
Citizenship Laws in Various Countries
Resentment toward Immigrants
Stateless Persons
Political Shifts and International Migration
What Is Urban?
Ideas about the Development of Urban Places and the Nature of Urban and Rural Life
Urbanization and Urban Growth
Urban and Rural Populations in the World: 1950–2010
Urban Agglomerations
Megalopolises
Overbounded Cities, Underbounded Cities, and Alternative City Boundary Definitions
Size Distributions of Cities
Central Cities, Suburbanization, Transportation Improvement, and Nonmetropolitan Growth in the United States and Other MDR Countries
The Changing Nature of Rural Places
Appendix A: United Nations Classification of Countries
Appendix B: Websites with Useful Population Information
Appendix C: Major Population Journals
Glossary
Index
