Ways to help you work out the meaning of new words

Charlotte Guest
Charlotte Guest
A man reading a book sat in a window
Reading time: 4 minutes

Learning a new language is an exciting journey, but it can also be challenging, especially when you encounter unfamiliar words. Don't let new vocabulary intimidate you. With the right strategies, you can work out the meaning of new words and enhance your language skills. Here are some effective ways to help you work out the meaning of new words so you can use these new words confidently and tackle any unfamiliar words with confidence.

Before diving into practical tips, it's helpful to understand a bit about the origins of the English language. English is a Germanic language, but it has been heavily influenced by Latin, especially through the Norman Conquest in 1066 and the Renaissance period. Many English words have Latin roots, prefixes and suffixes. This historical context can be a valuable tool in decoding unfamiliar vocabulary.

Decoding new vocabulary with ease
Play
Privacy and cookies

By watching, you agree Pearson can share your viewership data for marketing and analytics for one year, revocable by deleting your cookies.

Break it down

Many words are composed of smaller parts, such as prefixes, suffixes and root words.

Prefix: A prefix is a group of letters added to the beginning of a word that changes its meaning. For example, the prefix "un-" means "not." When added to the word "happy," it creates "unhappy," which means "not happy."

Suffix: A suffix is a group of letters added to the end of a word that changes its meaning or grammatical function. For example, the suffix "-ful" means "full of." When added to the word "joy," it creates "joyful," which means "full of joy."

Understanding these components can help you understand the meaning of the entire word. Here are some common prefixes and suffixes to get you started:

Common prefixes:

  • un-: means "not" (e.g., unhappy - not happy)
  • re-: means "again" (e.g., rewrite - write again)
  • pre-: means "before" (e.g., preview - view before)
  • dis-: means "not" or "opposite of" (e.g., dislike - not like)
  • mis-: means "wrongly" (e.g., misunderstand - understand wrongly)
  • anti-: means "against" (e.g., antibiotic - against bacteria)
  • co-: means "together" (e.g., cooperate - work together)
  • sub-: means "under" (e.g., submarine - under the sea)
  • inter-: means "between" (e.g., international - between nations)

Common suffixes:

  • ful: means "full of" (e.g., joyful - full of joy)
  • less: means "without" (e.g., hopeless - without hope)
  • able: means "can be" (e.g., readable - can be read)
  • er: means "one who" (e.g., teacher - one who teaches)
  • ness: means "state of being" (e.g., happiness - state of being happy)
  • ly: means "in a certain way" (e.g., quickly - in a quick way)
  • ment: means "result of" (e.g., achievement - result of achieving)
  • tion: means "action or process" (e.g., celebration - process of celebrating)
  • ive: means "having the nature of" (e.g., creative - having the nature of creating)

You can often figure out their meanings by breaking down words into smaller parts. For example, the word "unbelievable" can be broken down into "un-" (not) + "believe" + "-able" (can be), meaning "cannot be believed."

Use visual aids

Visual aids, such as pictures, diagrams and videos, can make learning new words more engaging and memorable. When you see an image associated with a word, it creates a mental link that helps you recall the word later. Visual aids enhance vocabulary retention and comprehension (Paivio, 1991).

Check the context

When you see a word you don't know, look at the sentences and words around it. They can give you important hints about what the word means. The sentences can show the main idea, the feelings, or the mood of the text. 

For example, if a word is used when talking about someone who is very excited, it probably has a good meaning. By looking at how the word works with other words in the sentences nearby, you can guess what it means. This helps you learn new words and understand what you read better.

Make connections

Relate new words to words you already know. This technique, known as semantic mapping, involves creating a network of related words and concepts. For example, if you know the word "happy," you can connect it to "joyful," "content" and "pleased." This method not only helps you remember new words but also deepens your understanding of their meanings.

Engage in active reading

Active reading involves more than just passively skimming through text. Take notes, highlight unfamiliar words and look up their meanings. This proactive approach helps reinforce new vocabulary and improves comprehension. According to the International Journal of Educational Research, active reading strategies are effective in enhancing vocabulary acquisition (Grabe, 2009).

Keep a vocabulary journal

Maintain a dedicated journal for new words. Write down the word, its definition, an example sentence and any related synonyms or antonyms. Reviewing your journal regularly will reinforce your memory and help you track your progress. Research by the Modern Language Journal suggests that vocabulary journals are an effective tool for language learners (Folse, 2004).

Be patient and persistent

Learning new words takes time and effort. Don't get discouraged if you don't understand a word immediately. Keep practicing and exploring different strategies until you find what works best for you. Remember, every step you take brings you closer to mastering the language.

Unlocking the meaning of new words is a rewarding part of language learning. By using these practical tips and staying motivated, you'll expand your vocabulary and gain confidence in your language skills.

Learn more language tips from our post '8 things you should try to avoid when learning English'.

Improve your English skills with Mondly by Pearson

References

Folse, K. S. (2004). Vocabulary myths: Applying second language research to classroom teaching.

Grabe, W. (2009). Reading in a second language: Moving from theory to practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Paivio, A. (1991). Dual coding theory: Retrospect and current status. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 45(3), 255-287.

 

More blogs from Pearson

  • People looking at a laptop discussing what they see
    Preparing your learners for university study abroad
    By Charlotte Guest
    Reading time: 5 minutes

    Studying abroad offers an exciting opportunity for students to explore new cultures, enhance their language skills and pursue further education. However, preparing for university abroad can be stressful and overwhelming, particularly for those leaving home for the first time.

    Educators are crucial in ensuring students feel ready, confident and equipped for international study. They support learners through academic guidance and emotional encouragement, helping build the skills necessary for success abroad.

    Why preparing students for study abroad matters

    Many learners focus mainly on getting accepted into a university. However, success abroad requires much more than good grades. Students must also adapt to a new education system, manage independent living and communicate in a different cultural environment.

    Without preparation, students may struggle with:

    • Culture shock
    • Homesickness
    • Academic pressure
    • Budgeting and financial management
    • Language barriers
    • Time management

    Providing support before students leave can improve confidence and help learners settle into university life more quickly.

  • Students walking together outside talking
    So you want to study in the USA? Here’s what to expect
    By Abi Fordham
    Reading time: 2 minutes

    When I talk to students planning to study in the USA, I always notice a mix of excitement and nerves. Before giving any advice, I begin by sharing a small personal truth.

    I didn’t study in the USA myself. I spent my university years in Leeds, England, running between lectures in the rain, squeezing into crowded cafés, feeling like my whole world lived inside that one brilliant, chaotic city. And I loved it.

    However, since I've worked in international education, it's broadened my perspective. Listening to students discuss the opportunities they’re pursuing in the US, including internships, campus experiences – and seeing the confidence they develop – has made me wonder if I might have chosen differently if I could go back in time.

    So now, when a student has questions about studying in the USA, I answer them based on everything I’ve learned from being closely involved in their journey. Let’s get into it.

    “Is studying in the USA actually worth it?”

    Absolutely, not just academically, but personally.  You get access to:

    • World-leading industries
    • Diverse, ambitious communities
    • New perspectives you can’t find at home
    • A degree that's recognized globally

    It’s one of the fastest ways to grow into the most confident version of yourself.

    “Will I fit in?”

    Yes. US campuses are remarkably diverse and host many international students. You’ll quickly find people who share your background, interests and ambitions. Simply join a club, attend a welcome event or try one new activity. That’s all it takes to get started.

    “The application process seems overwhelming.”

    It looks overwhelming until you break it down into manageable tasks:

    1. Shortlist universities
    2. Understand their timelines
    3. Organize your documents
    4. Choose an English test that actually supports your plans

    Which brings us to asking…

    “Which English test should I take?”

    If you want global options, then choose PTE Academic, which gives access to worldwide opportunities.

    If you’re set on the USA, then choose PTE Express. It's quick, online, flexible and specifically designed for studying in the US. It helps your application process run more smoothly and ensures you’re using a test that meets American university standards.

    “What is life in the USA actually like?”

    Think big campuses, huge energy, endless clubs and opportunities everywhere. But also think:

    • Independence
    • Cultural discovery
    • New friendships
    • Internships that shape your future

    Most students say they grow more in their first year abroad than in all their years of school before it.

    My perspective

    Studying in the USA is about more than just earning a degree. It can change how you see yourself. While my own path was different, I love helping students experience it and seeing where it takes them.

  • Two people learning on a bridge with a high rise building behind them
    Five fun outdoor activities to practice a new language
    By Charlotte Guest
    Reading time: 3 minutes

    Learning a new language does not have to happen only at home or in a classroom. In fact, sometimes we spend too much time sitting at our computers or staying inside. Taking a break and going outside can help your mind feel fresh and more open to learning. A change of environment can improve focus and make learning feel more enjoyable.

    Going outside can also make language practice more fun, natural and memorable. When you use a language in real-life situations, you often remember words better and feel more confident speaking.

    Here are five simple and enjoyable outdoor activities to help you practice your new language.

    1. Try a role-play adventure walk

    Turn a simple walk into a creative language challenge. Imagine you are a tourist, a guide or even a storyteller exploring a new place. As you walk, speak aloud in your target language as if you were describing the place to someone else.

    What you can do:

    • Pretend to give a tour: “On the left, we see a beautiful park.”
    • Create a short story about what is happening around you
    • Ask and answer your own questions

    Why it helps: This method encourages you to speak more and use your imagination. It can help you feel more comfortable forming sentences and speaking for longer periods.

    Tip: Record yourself on your phone and listen later to notice mistakes and progress.