What is rapid prototyping and how can it apply to the ELT classroom?

Nicole Kyriacou
A teacher stood in front of her class with her students raising their hands
Reading time: 5 minutes

Tom Chi is an internet veteran with quite a resumé. His roles have been many and varied – from astrophysical researcher to Fortune 500 consultant and corporate executive, developing new hardware and software products and services.

He worked on Microsoft Outlook when it was in its infancy, was a major influence in taking Yahoo Search from 0 to 90 million users and is now Head of Product Experience at Google X – Alphabet’s secretive division focused on creating technological innovations for the future. It has produced the self-driving car and Google Glass, and its Project Loon aims to provide internet to every square inch of the earth.

At Google X, Tom was in a unique position – always having to think five, ten or even more years ahead in order to conceptualize and build the technology of the future. As you might imagine, this is far from an easy task; not only do the ideas have to be original, but they have to meet people’s future needs – something that is not easy to predict.

So, how does Tom and the others at Google X deliver their vision for the future using today's materials and technology?

That’s where Rapid Prototyping comes in. It’s a concept that allows teams to experiment, learn and adjust prototypes quickly and cheaply, so that projects (and products) get off the ground. Failure is seen as a starting block and an inevitable part of the learning process. Following his workshop, we are going to look further at rapid prototyping and how it can relate to the ELT classroom.

Integrating rapid prototyping into ELT teaching
Play
Privacy and cookies

By watching, you agree Pearson can share your viewership data for marketing and analytics for one year, revocable by deleting your cookies.

What are the rules of rapid prototyping?

According to Tom, rapid prototyping follows four main principles:

Rule #1:

You must find the quickest path to experience. Ideas are nothing until they have been tested; prototyping is the quickest path to go from guessing into direct experience. You will soon see an idea’s strengths, weaknesses and potential once you have tried it.

Rule #2:

Doing is the best kind of thinking. People are very good at imagining things, but until we try them, we won’t know what works and what doesn’t. By actually doing something, we’ll come up with new ideas, new challenges and new solutions.

Rule #3:

Prototyping follows a distinct pathway: from conjecture, to experimentation, to results and finally decision-making.  

Prototyping rule #4:

Prototyping helps us reason in time and space: instead of lots of planning, imagination and guesswork, it makes us build something real, considering real use cases and real situations.

How does rapid prototyping affect progress?

The rapid-prototyping learning loop follows this pattern:

  1. Building a variation
  2. Testing with customers
  3. Observing results
  4. Adjusting from results

This process allows us to increase the chances of success in any given project dramatically. For example, if an idea has a 5% chance of success, by trying it 20 times there is a 64% chance of success and by trying it 50 times, there is a 92% chance of success.

Considering that each time an idea is prototyped, learning takes place, the chances of success are likely even higher with every trial.

But wait, what has rapid prototyping got to do with the ELT classroom?

Tom shows how a technology giant like Google can innovate and produce results quickly and efficiently through rapid prototyping – and all the while, he is explaining how much faster learning is when we experiment and do things.

Encouraging project-based work

Of course, our students are not innovating or building new products for tech companies, they are aiming to learn a language. But as Tom said, learning by doing is much faster and more effective than simply conjecturing and talking about theories.

Following his first rule of prototyping (find the quickest path to experience), we need to give students the experience of using the language as fast as possible. Project and task-based learning allows students to build their vocabulary, and test their grammar and overall communications skills in an authentic way.

This also covers Tom’s second rule (doing is the best type of thinking). If we can tap into our students’ creativity, we can allow them to experiment with language, discover what they know and what they don’t know, and then really work on learning the things they need for certain tasks.

When it comes to Tom’s third rule (conjecture, experimentation, results, decision-making), the teacher has more responsibility. We need to look at how we benchmark, measure and analyze our learner’s progress. Without a pathway, our students will not know how they are progressing and may easily lose motivation. The students therefore need to have a firm idea of their abilities, when they need to learn and how they are currently performing. We can then make decisions regarding individual class plans and syllabi.

Finally, by exposing our students to authentic materials, we cover Tom’s fourth rule (reason in time and space). Authentic readings, listenings and videos give learners the opportunity to work with real-world language, trying out what they are learning in authentic contexts. It helps them imagine using the language outside of the safe environment of the classroom too, giving them the challenge they need to push them into learning faster.

Fostering a growth mindset

The very fact that Tom’s team is able to imagine and prototype what seem like impossible ideas – that then have the potential to change the world – is awe-inspiring.

We can all learn from his vision, tenacity and methodology. At the heart of the experimentation and learning at Google X lies a growth mindset.

If we help our students develop a growth mindset, they will see failure as an opportunity to learn, as well as a challenge as a chance to grow, and feedback as a constructive way to improve.

Learning is a dynamic process. As teachers, it’s important for us to look outside the world of education to find inspiration and ideas. We hope this has sparked your curiosity and added a dash of inspiration for your future classes.

Watch the webinar 'Develop a growth mindset'.

Explore our language courses

More blogs from Pearson

  • Teacher talking to girl working on laptop in classroom smiling
    Designed for learning, built for growth: How Big Ben Education Group reimagined short-term programs
    By Kathy Chan
    Reading time: 3 minutes

    The challenge: Creating meaningful learning in short-term programs

    In recent years, Big Ben Education Group faced a challenge: how to deliver meaningful learning within short-term programs. Although teachers were passionate and students motivated, their short-term courses lacked a clear academic structure, making learning feel rushed and less impactful. At the same time, they relied heavily on a single market and sought to attract a more diverse, global student mix.

    This raised a critical question: How do you design a short-term program that is both academically meaningful and appealing to a global student audience? That question led to the launch of their first Winter Camp in 2024.

    The turning point: From camp to structured learning experience

    The Winter Camp marked a major shift. For the first time, students from across China, Korea, Japan, Central Asia and the Middle East were brought together. Managing this level of cultural and linguistic diversity required more than enthusiasm; it required structure.

    The school introduced Big English as a core academic framework, giving teachers clarity on learning objectives and ensuring consistency across levels, even within a condensed timeframe.

    But the transformation didn’t stop in the classroom. Excursions were redesigned with clear learning goals, turning them into opportunities for real-world language application. This shift from activities to outcomes required careful planning and strong collaboration between academic and operations teams.  What emerged was something new – a structured, student-centered learning experience that balanced academic rigor with real-world engagement.

  • Students sat at a table with microphones talking
    Building fluent, confident speakers: better ways to assess speaking
    By Charlotte Guest
    Reading time: 6 minutes

    Why traditional speaking assessments can make students feel stressed

    Traditional speaking tests often feel high-stakes and performative. Students are asked to respond on demand, usually in front of a teacher or peers, with little room for hesitation or self-correction. This setup can make it harder for students to show what they can really do because:

    • Time pressure shifts focus from communicating meaning to avoiding mistakes
    • Teacher-centered evaluation can feel judgmental rather than supportive
    • One-off testing may not capture a learner's true abilitiy, especially if they're nervous. 

    When people feel anxious, it often affects their fluency. They find it harder to think so they pause more, forget words and feel less confident. As a result, assessments may reflect how comfortable someone feels under pressure, rather than how effectively they can communicate.

    Key components of speaking fluency to evaluate

    Fluency isn't just about talking fast. It involves several clear signs.

  • People studying in a classroom with one holding her hand up
    How to teach business English to beginner learners
    By Margaret O'Keeffe
    Reading time: 4 minutes

    Teaching business English to beginners can feel challenging, especially when learners have limited vocabulary and confidence. However, with the right structure and focus, you can help students build practical workplace communication skills step by step.

    Focus on high-frequency workplace vocabulary

    For beginners learners, communication matters more than complexity. Teaching commonly-used workplace vocabulary allows students to express basic ideas quickly and clearly.

    Focus on:

    • Everyday work routines (emails, meetings, schedules)
    • Common verb–noun combinations (for example, “make a call,” “solve a problem”)
    • Simple functional phrases for greetings and offers

    This focus on high-frequency language helps learners retain and reuse it more easily.

    Introduce vocabulary in manageable, meaningful ways

    Vocabulary learning becomes more effective when it is limited and contextualized. Instead of overwhelming students, introduce a small number of new words per lesson and place them in realistic scenarios.

    For example:

    • Phone conversations
    • Short emails or messages
    • Daily task lists

    Memory improves when learners interact with words actively. Matching exercises, sentence-building and personalization tasks all strengthen recall because they require learners to process meaning rather than just memorize.