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Ch. 2 The Chemical Basis of Life
Taylor - Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections 10th Edition
Taylor, Simon, Dickey, Hogan10th EditionCampbell Biology: Concepts & ConnectionsISBN: 9780136538783Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 2, Problem 9

In what way does the need for iodine or iron in your diet differ from your need for calcium or phosphorus?

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Understand the role of each mineral: Iodine and iron are primarily involved in metabolic processes such as thyroid function and oxygen transport in the blood, respectively.
Recognize the role of calcium and phosphorus: These minerals are crucial for structural purposes, particularly in the formation and maintenance of bones and teeth.
Consider the differences in daily requirements: The body requires different amounts of each mineral. Iodine and iron are needed in smaller quantities compared to calcium and phosphorus.
Examine sources of these minerals: Iodine is commonly found in seafood and iodized salt, while iron is abundant in meats and legumes. Calcium and phosphorus are rich in dairy products and some vegetables.
Reflect on deficiency impacts: Deficiency of iodine can lead to thyroid disorders, iron deficiency can cause anemia, whereas lack of calcium or phosphorus primarily affects bone density and strength.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Micronutrients vs. Macrominerals

Iodine and iron are classified as micronutrients, which are essential in small amounts for various bodily functions, including hormone production and oxygen transport. In contrast, calcium and phosphorus are considered macrominerals, required in larger quantities for structural functions such as bone formation and cellular processes.
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Functions of Iodine and Iron

Iodine is crucial for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, while iron is vital for hemoglobin production in red blood cells, facilitating oxygen transport. These functions highlight the specific roles of these micronutrients in maintaining metabolic and physiological balance.
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Dietary Sources and Deficiency Effects

Iodine is primarily obtained from iodized salt and seafood, while iron is found in red meat, beans, and fortified cereals. Deficiencies in these micronutrients can lead to conditions like goiter and anemia, respectively, whereas calcium and phosphorus deficiencies can result in weakened bones and dental issues, emphasizing the different health impacts of these nutrients.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question

Most of the unique properties of water result from the fact that water molecules

a. Are the most abundant molecules on Earth's surface.

b. Are held together by covalent bonds.

c. Are constantly in motion.

d. Are polar and form hydrogen bonds.

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Textbook Question

A can of cola consists mostly of sugar dissolved in water, with some carbon dioxide gas that makes it fizzy and makes the pH less than 7. In chemical terms, you could say that cola is an aqueous solution where water is the _________, sugar is a _________, and carbon dioxide makes the solution _________.

a. solvent . . . solute . . . basic

b. solute . . . solvent . . . basic

c. solvent . . . solute . . . acidic

d. solute . . . solvent . . . acidic

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Textbook Question

The atomic number of sulfur (S) is 16. Sulfur combines with hydrogen by covalent bonding to form a compound, hydrogen sulfide. Based on the number of valence electrons in a sulfur atom, predict the molecular formula of the compound. (Explain your answer.)

a. HS

b. H₂S

c. H₄S₂

d. H₄S

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Textbook Question

Use carbon-12, the most common isotope of carbon, to define these terms: atomic number, mass number, valence. Which of these numbers is most related to the chemical behavior of an atom? Explain.

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Textbook Question

In terms of electron sharing between atoms, compare nonpolar covalent bonds, polar covalent bonds, and ions.

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Textbook Question

The diagram below shows the arrangement of electrons around the nucleus of a fluorine and a potassium atom. What kind of bond do you think would form between these two atoms?

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