Read each measurement to the correct number of significant figures. Laboratory glassware should always be read from the bottom of the meniscus.

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the type of laboratory glassware being used (e.g., graduated cylinder, burette, pipette).
2. Ensure the glassware is on a level surface and your eye is at the same level as the meniscus to avoid parallax error.
3. Locate the meniscus, which is the curved surface of the liquid. For most liquids, read the measurement at the bottom of the meniscus.
4. Determine the smallest scale division on the glassware to understand the precision of the measurement.
5. Record the measurement to the correct number of significant figures, which includes all certain digits and one uncertain digit (the estimated digit).

Key Concepts

Significant Figures

Significant figures are the digits in a measurement that carry meaningful information about its precision. This includes all non-zero digits, any zeros between significant digits, and trailing zeros in the decimal portion. Understanding significant figures is crucial for accurately reporting measurements and ensuring that calculations reflect the precision of the data.

Meniscus

The meniscus is the curve seen at the surface of a liquid in response to its container. In laboratory settings, it is important to read the measurement at the bottom of the meniscus to ensure accuracy. This is due to the surface tension of the liquid, which can cause the liquid to appear higher or lower than its actual level.

Measurement Precision

Measurement precision refers to the degree to which repeated measurements under unchanged conditions show the same results. It is influenced by the measuring instrument and the technique used. Understanding precision is essential for interpreting data correctly and for determining how many significant figures should be reported in a measurement.