- Complete and balance each combustion reaction equation: a. C(s) + O2(g) → b. C3H8O(l) + O2(g) → c. CS2(s) + O2(g) → d. C4H6(g) + O2(g) →
Problem 1
- We prepare a solution by mixing 0.10 L of 0.12 M sodium chloride with 0.23 L of a 0.18 M MgCl2 solution. What volume of a 0.20 M silver nitrate solution is needed to precipitate all the Cl- ions in the solution as AgCl?
Problem 12
- Consider the unbalanced equation for the combustion of hexane: C6H14(g) + O2(g) → CO2(g) + H2O(g). Balance the equation and determine how many moles of O2 are required to react completely with 7.2 moles of C6H14.
Problem 25
- Calculate how many moles of NO2 form when each quantity of reactant completely reacts. Reaction: 2 N2O5(g) → 4 NO2(g) + O2(g) a. 15.2 g N2O5 b. 6.8 mol N2O5 c. 2.87 kg N2O5
Problem 27
Problem 27a
Calculate how many moles of NO2 form when each quantity of reactant completely reacts. 2 N2O5( g) → 4 NO2(g) + O2(g) a. 2.5 mol N2O5
Problem 29
Consider the balanced equation:
SiO2(s) + 3 C(s) → SiC(s) + 2 CO(g)
Complete the table showing the appropriate number of moles of reactants and products. If the number of moles of a reactant is provided, fill in the required amount of the other reactant, as well as the moles of each product that forms. If the number of moles of a product is provided, fill in the required amount of each reactant to make that amount of product, as well as the amount of the other product that forms.
Problem 31a
Hydrobromic acid dissolves solid iron according to the reaction:
Fe(s) + 2 HBr(aq) → FeBr2(aq) + H2(g)
What mass of HBr (in g) do you need to dissolve a 3.2-g pure iron bar on a padlock?
Problem 32
Sulfuric acid dissolves aluminum metal according to the reaction:
2 Al(s) + 3 H2SO4(aq) → Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3 H2( g)
Suppose you want to dissolve an aluminum block with a mass of 15.2 g. What minimum mass of H2SO4 (in g) do you need? What mass of H2 gas (in g) does the complete reaction of the aluminum block produce?
- For each of the reactions, calculate the mass (in grams) of the product that forms when 3.67 g of the underlined reactant completely reacts. Assume that there is more than enough of the other reactant. a. Ba(s) + Cl2(g) → BaCl2(s) b. CaO(s) + CO2(g) → CaCO3(s) c. 2 Mg(s) + O2(g) → 2 MgO(s) d. 4 Al(s) + 3 O2(g) → 2 Al2O3(s)
Problem 33
Problem 35
For each of the acid–base reactions, calculate the mass (in grams) of each acid necessary to completely react with and neutralize 4.85 g of the base. b. 2 HNO3(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq) → 2 H2O(l) + Ca(NO3)2(aq)
- For each precipitation reaction, calculate how many grams of the first reactant are necessary to completely react with 55.8 g of the second reactant. a. 2 KI(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) → PbI2(s) + 2 KNO3(aq) b. Na2CO3(aq) + CuCl2(aq) → CuCO3(s) + 2 NaCl(aq) c. K2SO4(aq) + Sr(NO3)2(aq) → SrSO4(s) + 2 KNO3(aq)
Problem 36
Problem 37
Find the limiting reactant for each initial amount of reactants.
2 Na(s) + Br2(g) → 2 NaBr(s)
a. 2 mol Na, 2 mol Br2
b. 1.8 mol Na, 1.4 Br2
c. 2.5 mol Na, 1 mol Br2
d. 12.6 mol Na, 6.9 mol Br2
Problem 38
Find the limiting reactant for each initial amount of reactants. 4 Al(s) + 3 O2( g) → 2 Al2O3(s)
a. 1 mol Al, 1 mol O2
b. 4 mol Al, 2.6 mol O2
c. 16 mol Al, 13 mol O2
d. 7.4 mol Al, 6.5 mol O2
Problem 39b
Consider the reaction: 4 HCl(g) + O2(g) → 2 H2O(g) + 2 Cl2(g) Each molecular diagram represents an initial mixture of reactants. How many molecules of Cl2 form from the reaction mixture that produces the greatest amount of products?
Problem 41
Calculate the theoretical yield of the product (in moles) for each initial amount of reactants.
Ti(s) + 2 Cl2(g) → TiCl4(s)
a. 4 mol Ti, 4 mol Cl2
b. 7 mol Ti, 17 mol Cl2
c. 12.4 mol Ti, 18.8 mol Cl2
Problem 42
Calculate the theoretical yield of product (in moles) for each initial amount of reactants.
3 Mn(s) + 2 O2(g) → Mn3O4(s)
a. 3 mol Mn, 2 mol O2
b. 4 mol Mn, 7 mol O2
c. 27.5 mol Mn, 43.8 mol O2
Problem 43
Zinc sulfide reacts with oxygen according to the reaction: 2 ZnS(s) + 3 O2(g) → 2 ZnO(s) + 2 SO2( g) A reaction mixture initially contains 4.2 mol ZnS and 6.8 mol O2. Once the reaction has occurred as completely as possible, what amount (in moles) of the excess reactant remains?
Problem 44
Iron(II) sulfide reacts with hydrochloric acid according to the reaction: FeS(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → FeCl2(s) + H2S(g) A reaction mixture initially contains 0.223 mol FeS and 0.652 mol HCl. Once the reaction has occurred as completely as possible, what amount (in moles) of the excess reactant remains?
Problem 44-
Iron(II) sulfide reacts with hydrochloric acid according to the reaction: FeS(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → FeCl2(s) + H2S(g) A reaction mixture initially contains 0.223 mol FeS and 0.652 mol HCl. Once the reaction has occurred as completely as possible, what amount (in moles) of the excess reactant remains?
- For the reaction shown, calculate the theoretical yield of product (in grams) for each initial amount of reactants. 2 Al(s) + 3 Cl2(g) → 2 AlCl3(s) a. 2.0 g Al, 2.0 g Cl2 b. 7.5 g Al, 24.8 g Cl2
Problem 45
Problem 45c
For the reaction shown, calculate the theoretical yield of product (in grams) for each initial amount of reactants. 2 Al(s) + 3 Cl2(g) → 2 AlCl3(s) c. 0.235 g Al, 1.15 g Cl2
- For the reaction shown, calculate the theoretical yield of the product (in grams) for each initial amount of reactants. Ti(s) + 2 F2(g) → TiF4(s) a. 5.0 g Ti, 5.0 g F2 b. 2.4 g Ti, 1.6 g F2
Problem 46
Problem 46c
For the reaction shown, calculate the theoretical yield of the product (in grams) for each initial amount of reactants. Ti(s) + 2 F2( g) → TiF4(s) c. 0.233 g Ti, 0.288 g F2
Problem 47
Iron(III) oxide reacts with carbon monoxide according to the equation: Fe2O3(s) + 3 CO(g) → 2 Fe(s) + 3 CO2(g) A reaction mixture initially contains 22.55 g Fe2O3 and 14.78 g CO. Once the reaction has occurred as completely as possible, what mass (in g) of the excess reactant remains?
Problem 48
Elemental phosphorus reacts with chlorine gas according to the equation: P4(s) + 6 Cl2( g) → 4 PCl3(l) A reaction mixture initially contains 45.69 g P4 and 131.3 g Cl2. Once the reaction has occurred as completely as possible, what mass (in g) of the excess reactant remains?
- Lead ions can be precipitated from solution with KCl according to the reaction: Pb2+ (aq) + 2 KCl(aq) → PbCl2(s) + 2 K+ (aq). When 28.5 g KCl is added to a solution containing 25.7 g Pb2+, a PbCl2 precipitate forms. The precipitate is filtered, dried, and found to have a mass of 29.4 g. Determine the percent yield for the reaction. Determine the theoretical yield of PbCl2. Determine the limiting reactant.
Problem 49
Problem 50
Magnesium oxide can be made by heating magnesium metal in the presence of oxygen. The balanced equation for the reaction is: 2 Mg(s) + O2(g) → 2 MgO(s) When 10.1 g of Mg reacts with 10.5 g O2, 11.9 g MgO is collected. Determine the limiting reactant, theoretical yield, and percent yield for the reaction.
Problem 51
Urea (CH4N2O) is a common fertilizer that is synthesized by the reaction of ammonia (NH3) with carbon dioxide: 2 NH3(aq) + CO2(aq) → CH4N2O(aq) + H2O(l) In an industrial synthesis of urea, a chemist combines 136.4 kg of ammonia with 211.4 kg of carbon dioxide and obtains 168.4 kg of urea. Determine the limiting reactant, theoretical yield of urea, and percent yield for the reaction.
- Many computer chips are manufactured from silicon, which occurs in nature as SiO2. When SiO2 is heated to melting, it reacts with solid carbon to form liquid silicon and carbon monoxide gas. In an industrial preparation of silicon, 155.8 kg of SiO2 reacts with 78.3 kg of carbon to produce 66.1 kg of silicon. Determine the limiting reactant and the theoretical yield.
Problem 52
Problem 52c
Many computer chips are manufactured from silicon, which occurs in nature as SiO2. When SiO2 is heated to melting, it reacts with solid carbon to form liquid silicon and carbon monoxide gas. In an industrial preparation of silicon, 155.8 kg of SiO2 reacts with 78.3 kg of carbon to produce 66.1 kg of silicon. Determine the percent yield for the reaction.
Ch.4 - Chemical Quantities & Aqueous Reactions
