Name each aldehyde or ketone. c.

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Identify the longest carbon chain that includes the carbonyl group (C=O).

Number the carbon chain starting from the end nearest to the carbonyl group.

Identify and name the substituents attached to the main carbon chain.

Combine the names of the substituents with the base name of the aldehyde or ketone, using the appropriate numbering.

Ensure the name follows IUPAC nomenclature rules for aldehydes or ketones.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Aldehydes

Aldehydes are organic compounds characterized by the presence of a carbonyl group (C=O) at the end of a carbon chain. The general formula for aldehydes is RCHO, where R represents a hydrocarbon group. They are named by replacing the '-e' ending of the corresponding alkane with '-al'. For example, the simplest aldehyde is formaldehyde (methanal), derived from methane.

Ketones

Ketones are organic compounds that contain a carbonyl group (C=O) located within a carbon chain, specifically between two carbon atoms. The general formula for ketones is RC(=O)R', where R and R' are hydrocarbon groups. Ketones are named by replacing the '-e' ending of the corresponding alkane with '-one'. For instance, propanone (acetone) is the simplest ketone derived from propane.

Nomenclature of Organic Compounds

The nomenclature of organic compounds follows specific rules set by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). This system involves identifying the longest carbon chain, determining functional groups, and applying appropriate suffixes and prefixes. For aldehydes and ketones, the position of the carbonyl group is crucial, and numbering the carbon chain helps in naming the compound accurately.