Convert between energy units. a. 231 cal to kJ b. 132×10⁴ kJ to kcal d. 2.88×10⁴ J to Cal

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Identify the conversion factors needed for each part of the problem. For energy conversions, remember that 1 cal = 4.184 J and 1 kcal = 4.184 kJ.
2. Step 2: For part (a), convert calories to kilojoules. Use the conversion factor 1 cal = 4.184 J to first convert calories to joules, then convert joules to kilojoules by dividing by 1000.
3. Step 3: For part (b), convert kilojoules to kilocalories. Use the conversion factor 1 kcal = 4.184 kJ to convert kilojoules to kilocalories by dividing the kilojoules by 4.184.
4. Step 4: For part (d), convert joules to Calories (note that 1 Cal = 1 kcal). First, convert joules to kilojoules by dividing by 1000, then convert kilojoules to kilocalories using the conversion factor 1 kcal = 4.184 kJ.
5. Step 5: Ensure all units are correctly converted and check your calculations for accuracy. Remember to keep track of significant figures based on the given data.

Key Concepts

Energy Units

Energy can be measured in various units, with calories (cal), kilojoules (kJ), and joules (J) being common in chemistry. One calorie is defined as the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius. Understanding the relationships between these units is essential for converting energy values accurately.

Conversion Factors

Conversion factors are ratios used to convert one unit of measurement to another. For energy, key conversion factors include 1 cal = 4.184 J and 1 kJ = 239.006 cal. Utilizing these factors allows for the systematic conversion of energy values from one unit to another, ensuring accuracy in calculations.

Thermodynamic Principles

Thermodynamics is the study of energy transformations and the laws governing these processes. In the context of energy conversions, it is important to understand how energy is conserved and transformed between different forms, such as heat and work. This foundational knowledge aids in grasping the significance of energy unit conversions in chemical reactions and processes.