교과서 질문
Oxidation of the aldehyde group of ribose yields a carboxylic acid. Draw the structure of ribonic acid.
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Ch.20 Carbohydrates
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134015187
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch.1 Matter and Measurements27
- Ch.2 Atoms and the Periodic Table20
- Ch.3 Ionic Compounds8
- Ch.4 Molecular Compounds23
- Ch.5 Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions12
- Ch.6 Chemical Reactions: Mole and Mass Relationships28
- Ch.7 Chemical Reactions: Energy, Rate and Equilibrium64
- Ch.8 Gases, Liquids and Solids24
- Ch.9 Solutions52
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases25
- Ch.11 Nuclear Chemistry22
- Ch.12 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes57
- Ch.13 Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds47
- Ch.14 Some Compounds with Oxygen, Sulfur, or a Halogen50
- Ch.15 Aldehydes and Ketones45
- Ch.16 Amines42
- Ch.17 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives57
- Ch.18 Amino Acids and Proteins82
- Ch.19 Enzymes and Vitamins63
- Ch.20 Carbohydrates44
- Ch.21 The Generation of Biochemical Energy65
- Ch.22 Carbohydrate Metabolism45
- Ch.23 Lipids42
- Ch.24 Lipid Metabolism33
- Ch.25 Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism24
- Ch.26 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis45
McMurry8th EditionFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134015187당신이 사용하는 게 아니라요?교과서 변경
20장, 문제 52
Treatment of D-glucose with a reducing agent yields sorbitol, a substance used as a sugar substitute by people with diabetes. Draw the structure of sorbitol.
검증된 단계별 안내1
Understand the context: d-glucose is a monosaccharide (a simple sugar) with an aldehyde functional group (-CHO) at the first carbon. When treated with a reducing agent, the aldehyde group is reduced to a primary alcohol (-CH2OH). This process converts d-glucose into sorbitol, a sugar alcohol.
Identify the structure of d-glucose: d-glucose is a six-carbon sugar (hexose) with the molecular formula C6H12O6. It has a linear form and a cyclic form, but for this reaction, focus on the linear form where the aldehyde group is present at the first carbon.
Apply the reduction reaction: A reducing agent donates electrons to the aldehyde group (-CHO) at the first carbon of d-glucose, converting it into a primary alcohol (-CH2OH). This changes the functional group at the first carbon while leaving the rest of the molecule unchanged.
Draw the structure of sorbitol: After the reduction, the molecule will have six carbons, each with a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached. The first carbon, which originally had the aldehyde group, now has a hydroxyl group (-OH) and a hydrogen (-H), forming a primary alcohol.
Verify the structure: Ensure that the final structure of sorbitol has the correct number of carbons (6), hydrogens (14), and oxygens (6), with hydroxyl groups (-OH) attached to each carbon. This confirms that the reduction of d-glucose to sorbitol is complete.
비슷한 문제에 대한 검증된 영상 답변:
이 영상 해법은 위 문제에 도움이 된다고 튜터들이 추천한 것입니다.
영상 길이:
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주요 개념
질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.
D-Glucose Structure
D-glucose is a simple sugar (monosaccharide) with the molecular formula C6H12O6. It has a six-carbon backbone and exists in a cyclic form, typically as a pyranose (six-membered ring). Understanding its structure is essential for recognizing how it can be chemically modified to produce other compounds, such as sorbitol.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
2:48
Total Energy From Glucose Concept 2
Reducing Agents
Reducing agents are substances that donate electrons in a chemical reaction, leading to the reduction of another substance. In the context of glucose, a reducing agent can convert the aldehyde group of D-glucose into an alcohol group, resulting in the formation of sorbitol. This transformation is crucial for understanding how sugar substitutes are synthesized.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
1:03Ketoses as Reducing Sugars Concept 2
Sorbitol Structure
Sorbitol, also known as glucitol, is a sugar alcohol derived from D-glucose. Its structure features a six-carbon chain with hydroxyl (-OH) groups attached to each carbon, making it a polyol. Sorbitol is commonly used as a sugar substitute due to its lower caloric content and minimal impact on blood sugar levels, which is particularly beneficial for individuals with diabetes.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
1:01Structural Formula Concept 2
관련 실천
교과서 질문
In its open-chain form, D-mannose, an aldohexose found in orange peels, has the structure shown here. Coil mannose around and draw it in the cyclic hemiacetal ⍺ and β forms.
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교과서 질문
Reduction of D-fructose with a reducing agent yields a mixture of D-sorbitol along with a second, isomeric product. What is the structure of the second product?
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교과서 질문
Treatment of an aldose with an oxidizing agent such as Tollens’ reagent yields a carboxylic acid. Gluconic acid, the product of glucose oxidation, is used as its magnesium salt for the treatment of magnesium deficiency. Draw the structure of gluconic acid.
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교과서 질문
Sucrose and D-glucose rotate plane-polarized light to the right; D-fructose rotates light to the left. When sucrose is hydrolyzed, the glucose–fructose mixture rotates light to the left.
b. Why do you think the mixture is called “invert sugar”?
597
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교과서 질문
In Section 15.6, you saw that aldehydes react with reducing agents to yield primary alcohols (RCH=O → RCH2OH). The structures of two D-aldotetroses are shown. One of them can be reduced to yield a chiral product, but the other yields an achiral product. Explain.
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