Most of the world’s population in less developed and developing countries have been infected with EBV human herpesvirus 4 by age one and show no ill effects, even where medical care is poor. In contrast, individuals in industrialized countries are ordinarily infected after puberty, and these older patients tend to have more severe reactions to infection despite better overall health and access to medical care. Explain this apparent paradox.

A man experienced a laboratory accident in which he was infected with adenovirus. What signs or symptoms might he exhibit?

a. sore throat

b. headache

c. pinkeye

d. all of the above

Which of the following is an inflammatory condition of the liver?

a. fifth disease

b. PML

c. seed warts

d. hepatitis

Which of the following statements is false?

a. B19 virus is the primary parvovirus of humans.

b. Erythema infectiosum is caused by a parvovirus.

c. In children, parvovirus infections are accompanied by a high mortality rate.

d. Parvovirus infection in humans results in infectious reddening of the skin.

A distinguishing feature of poxvirus is _____

a. its large size

b. a polyhedral capsid

c. the type of RNA it contains

d. the production of several types of warts

A horror movie portrays victims of biological warfare with uncontrolled bleeding from the eyes, mouth, nose, ears, and anus. What actual virus causes these symptoms?

a. Ebola virus

b. bunyavirus

c. hantavirus

d. human immunodeficiency virus

What viral family causes each of these diseases? (A family may be used more than once.)

1. _____Myocarditis

2. _____Colorado tick fever

3. _____Rabies

4. _____Influenza

5. _____Dengue fever

6. _____German measles

7. _____Acute gastroenteritis

8. _____Ebola virus

9. _____RSV

10. _____Western equine encephalitis

11. _____No known disease

A. Rhabdoviridae

B. Paramyxoviridae

C. Reoviridae

D. Coronaviridae

E. Togaviridae

F. Flaviviridae

G. Orthomyxoviridae

H. Orphan virus

I. Caliciviridae

J. Filoviridae

K. Picornaviridae

_____A single virion is sufficient to cause a cold.

Why are there more cases of West Nile virus encephalitis in summer than in winter of every year?

_____All infections of polio are crippling.

Young Luis has skin lesions. His mother knows from microbiology class that five childhood diseases can produce spots. Name those five diseases and the viruses that cause each. List some questions to ask to determine which of these viruses Luis has.

Label the flu epidemics. How can you best explain the biennial fluctuation in the number of cases? How can you explain the epidemics?

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_____Postpolio syndrome is due to latent polioviruses that become active 30 to 40 years after the initial infection.

The patient in room 519 exhibits yellowing skin and eyes, and it is suspected among the nursing staff that the diagnosis will be some kind of viral hepatitis. Make a chart of five kinds of hepatitis mentioned in this chapter, the infecting pathogen, how the patient might have become infected, and the relative degree of seriousness.

_____Because the oral polio vaccine contains live attenuated viruses, mutations of these viruses can cause polio.

Support or refute the following statement: “Rubeola is common and of little concern as a childhood disease.”

Koplik’s spots are oral lesions associated with __________.

a. mumps

b. measles

c. flu

d. colds

________ and ________are the two types of food poisoning.

A microbiome is composed of _____.

a. single, pure populations

b. all organisms in a locale

c. all microbes in a location

d. only the bacteria are considered

When examining the microbiome of the human intestine, you would expect to find how many bacterial species present?

a. one

b. three

c. hundreds

d. thousands

_____ Cooperation is common among microorganisms living in microhabitats.

Which of the following diseases is not caused by NIAID category A biological weapons

agents?

a. smallpox

b. plague

c. Q fever

d. tularemia

Of the following characteristics, which would contribute most to making a microorganism an effective biological warfare agent?

a. is readily available in the environment

b. can be spread by contact after original dissemination

c. cannot be treated well outside a hospital

d. is easily identified by symptoms